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Certified Exam - Personal Decks > Viticulture > Flashcards

Viticulture Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between climate and weather

A

Climate is a regions expected daily average level of temperature, sunlight, warmth, and rainfall over time

Weather is day-to-day

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2
Q

Between what two latitudes both above and below the equator are a majority of the world’s vineyards found

A

30-50 degrees

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3
Q

Define Macroclimate

A

The climate of a region (ex. Burgundy, Alsace)

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4
Q

Define Mesoclimate

A

The climate of a village, cluster of vineyards

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5
Q

Define Microclimate

A

The climate of a single vineyard of single cluster of vines

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6
Q

What are the four major climates of winegrowing regions

A

Continental
Maritime
Mediterranean
High Desert

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7
Q

Define continental climate

A

Climate extremes, often hot summers and cold winters, usually located farther inland

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7
Q

Define continental climate

A

Climate extremes, often hot summers and cold winters, usually located farther inland

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8
Q

Define maritime climate

A

Largely influenced by large bodies of water, with warm summers, mild winters, and year-round rainfall

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9
Q

Define Mediterranean climate

A

Warm dry summers and cool winters, usually near coastlines

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10
Q

Define High Desert climate

A

Hot and arid, with cold nights and low rainfall

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11
Q

What other descriptions can be used to further characterize the 4 major climate types

A

Cool
Moderate
Warm
Hot
Tropical
Humid

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12
Q

Define diurnal shift

A

The change in daytime temperatures to lower nighttime temperatures

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13
Q

What affect does large diurnal shifts have on grapes

A

The grapes will ripen more slowly

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14
Q

How can hail affect a vineyard

A

-Tearing leaves, impacting their ability to photosynthesize
-Destroying berries, decreasing crop yield
-Damaging the vines with small wounds making them vulnerable to disease

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15
Q

How can frost affect vines

A

-Delaying budding and flowering
-Can freeze and kill
-Can decrease the annual yield

16
Q

At what point in the vine’s annual cycle is frost most dangerous

A

During budburst

17
Q

How do strong vineyards affect vineyards

A

-Uproot vines
-Blow over vines
-Damage parts of vines

18
Q

What are 2 geographical climate moderators

A

Bodies of water
Mountains

19
Q

What constitutes a body of water

A

Lakes
Rivers
Seas
Oceans

20
Q

What affects can mountains have on vineyards

A

-Provide a rain shadow
-Provide higher elevation to plant at
-Alpine winds can moderate climates

21
Q

Give 2 examples of rain shadows

A

The Vosges Mountains in Alsace
The Andres Mountains to Mendoza

22
Q

Temperature drops by one degree for every ____ meter gain in elevation

A

100 meters

23
Q

Where are higher altitude vineyards typically found

A

In warmer/hotter regions to provide cooler temperatures

24
Q

Why are valley floors more susceptible to frost than mountains?

A

Because cool air collects and stays stagnant on valley floors.

Hillsides experience more air flow, thereby decreasing frost risk.

25
Q

Name the three major components of a grape

A

Skins
Seeds
Pulp

26
Q

What characteristics do skins add to a wine

A

Tannin
Color
Flavor/aroma

27
Q

What do seeds add to a wine

A

Bitterness

28
Q

What species are most wines of the world made from

A

Vitis vinifera

29
Q

What are two other species of vine used for the production of wine

A

Vitis Labrusca
Vitis Riparia

30
Q

What is a hybrid grape

A

A grape made from 2 or more different species to create a new variety

31
Q

What is a grape cross

A

When vines of the same species are combined to create a new variety

Example: Cab Franc x Sauvignon Blanc created Cabernet Sauvignon

32
Q

What is a grape clone

A

Identical reproductions of a vine to propagate specific traits

33
Q

What is phylloxera

A

A louse native to North America that attacks vine roots and ultimately kills vines

34
Q

Define Passerillage

A

Exposure of cut bunches of grapes to sunlight to increase the concentration of sugars in the grapes prior to winemaking

35
Q

Define Veraison

A

The onset of ripening of the grape clusters (When the grapes begin to change color on the vines)

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