Vitamins

Question 1

Biotin is involved in what kind of enzymes

Answer 1

Carboxylase

Question 2

Carboxylase needs what to work

Answer 2

“ABC”

ATP
Biotin
CO2

Question 3

What pathways is biotin important

Answer 3

Gluconeogenesis (pyruvate carboxylase)
FA synthesis (acetyl-coa carboxylase)
Odd carbon fatty acids, val, met, ile, thr (propionyl-coa carboxylase)

Question 4

How do you get biotin deficiency

Answer 4

eating raw eggs

Question 5

Symptoms of biotin deficiency

Answer 5

Alopecia
bowel inflammation
muscle pain
fasting hypoglycemia

Question 6

What enzymes is thiamine associated with

Answer 6

dehydrogenase
-PDH
-alpha ketoglutarate DH (TCA)
-branched chain ketoacid DH (Metabolism of val, leu, ile)
transketolase (HMP shunt)

Question 7

Thiamine deficiency wet beri beri causes

Answer 7

high out heart failure

dilated cardiomyopathy

Question 8

How can you test in a lab thiamine deficiency

Answer 8

transketolase

enzyme only depends on thiamine

Question 9

Niacin is important for what enzymes

Answer 9

dehydrogenase

Question 10

What are the symptoms of pellegra

Answer 10

dermatitis
dementia
diarrhea
death if not treated

Question 11

Pellegra may also be associated with

Answer 11

tryptophan deficiency
corn syrup is staple of diet
supplies portion of niacin

Question 12

niacin is a source of

Answer 12

electrons for ETC to make ATP

Question 13

Hartnup disease is caused by

Answer 13

deficiency of tryptophan d/t decease absorption in the kidney

Question 14

Hartnup disease is associated with

Answer 14

mild pellegra

Question 15

Folic acid is important in what enzymes

Answer 15

thymidylate synthase (thymidine synthesis)
enzymes in purine synthesis

Question 16

What is the activated form of folic acid

Answer 16

THF

Question 17

Deficiency of folic acid can cause what to increase in the blood

Answer 17

homocysteine

increase risk for VTE and MI

Question 18

What enzymes are B12 involved in

Answer 18

homocysteine methyltransferase (Methionine, SAM)
-untraps folate from storage form to become active
methylmalonyl coA mutase (Odd-carbon FA, leu, ile, val, thr)

Question 19

B12 is a source of what for the TCA cycle

Answer 19

succinyl-coA

from methylmalonyl coA mutase

Question 20

What enzymes are vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) involved in

Answer 20

aminotransferases (protein catabolism)
aminoluvulinate synthase (heme synthesis)

Question 21

Anything that increases ALT/AST chronically will lead to

Answer 21

B6 deficiency

Question 22

MCC of B6 deficiency

Answer 22

alcoholic hepatitis/cirrhosis

isoniazid

Question 23

Which anemia is associated with B6 deficiency

Answer 23

sideroblastic anemia

B6 needed for aminoluvulinate synthase

Question 24

cheilosis/stomatitis

encephalopathy

Answer 24

B6 deficiency

Question 25

FADH2 is made from

Answer 25

Vitamin B2 (riboflavin)

Question 26

what enzyme is riboflavin (B2) involved in

Answer 26

succinate dehydrogenase (TCA) fatty acetyl-coA DH (beta ox) glycerol phosphate DH/shuttle (brings electrons from cytoplasm to mito)

Question 27

symptoms of riboflavin deficiency (B2)

Answer 27

corneal neovascularization cheilosis/stomatitis magenta colored tongue

Question 28

What enzymes require vitamin C

Answer 28

``` Prolyl and Lysyl hydroxylases (collagen production) DA hydroxylase (NE, catecholamine synthesis) ```

Question 29

What vitamin is essential for synthesis of coenzyme A

Answer 29

pantothenic acid (B5)

Question 30

what enzymes are involved with pantothenic acid

Answer 30

FA synthase Fatty acyl coA synthase pyruvate DH alpha ketoglutarate DH