Vitamins Flashcards
Biotin is involved in what kind of enzymes
Carboxylase
Carboxylase needs what to work
“ABC”
ATP
Biotin
CO2
What pathways is biotin important
Gluconeogenesis (pyruvate carboxylase)
FA synthesis (acetyl-coa carboxylase)
Odd carbon fatty acids, val, met, ile, thr (propionyl-coa carboxylase)
How do you get biotin deficiency
eating raw eggs
Symptoms of biotin deficiency
Alopecia
bowel inflammation
muscle pain
fasting hypoglycemia
What enzymes is thiamine associated with
dehydrogenase -PDH -alpha ketoglutarate DH (TCA) -branched chain ketoacid DH (Metabolism of val, leu, ile) transketolase (HMP shunt)
Thiamine deficiency wet beri beri causes
high out heart failure
dilated cardiomyopathy
How can you test in a lab thiamine deficiency
transketolase
enzyme only depends on thiamine
Niacin is important for what enzymes
dehydrogenase
What are the symptoms of pellegra
dermatitis
dementia
diarrhea
death if not treated
Pellegra may also be associated with
tryptophan deficiency
corn syrup is staple of diet
supplies portion of niacin
niacin is a source of
electrons for ETC to make ATP
Hartnup disease is caused by
deficiency of tryptophan d/t decease absorption in the kidney
Hartnup disease is associated with
mild pellegra
Folic acid is important in what enzymes
thymidylate synthase (thymidine synthesis) enzymes in purine synthesis
What is the activated form of folic acid
THF
Deficiency of folic acid can cause what to increase in the blood
homocysteine
increase risk for VTE and MI
What enzymes are B12 involved in
homocysteine methyltransferase (Methionine, SAM)
-untraps folate from storage form to become active
methylmalonyl coA mutase (Odd-carbon FA, leu, ile, val, thr)
B12 is a source of what for the TCA cycle
succinyl-coA
from methylmalonyl coA mutase
What enzymes are vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) involved in
aminotransferases (protein catabolism) aminoluvulinate synthase (heme synthesis)
Anything that increases ALT/AST chronically will lead to
B6 deficiency
MCC of B6 deficiency
alcoholic hepatitis/cirrhosis
isoniazid
Which anemia is associated with B6 deficiency
sideroblastic anemia
B6 needed for aminoluvulinate synthase
cheilosis/stomatitis
encephalopathy
B6 deficiency
FADH2 is made from
Vitamin B2 (riboflavin)
what enzyme is riboflavin (B2) involved in
succinate dehydrogenase (TCA)
fatty acetyl-coA DH (beta ox)
glycerol phosphate DH/shuttle (brings electrons from cytoplasm to mito)
symptoms of riboflavin deficiency (B2)
corneal neovascularization
cheilosis/stomatitis
magenta colored tongue
What enzymes require vitamin C
Prolyl and Lysyl hydroxylases (collagen production) DA hydroxylase (NE, catecholamine synthesis)
What vitamin is essential for synthesis of coenzyme A
pantothenic acid (B5)
what enzymes are involved with pantothenic acid
FA synthase
Fatty acyl coA synthase
pyruvate DH
alpha ketoglutarate DH
