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MBBS IASM > Vitamins > Flashcards

Vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 4 fat-soluble vitamins

A

ADEK

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2
Q

Name the site for storage for fat-soluble vitamins

A

Liver

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3
Q

Why it is uncommon for water soluble vitamin to have hypervitaminosis

A

Excess are removed by excretion

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4
Q

Name the 4 VitaminA derivative

A

Beta-carotene, Retinal, Retinoic acid, isotretinoin

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5
Q

What is the chemical name for Vitamin A

A

Retinol

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6
Q

What is the function for Beta-carotene

A

As anti-oxidant

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7
Q

What is the function of Retinal

A

To make rhodopsin

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8
Q

What is the funciton of retinoic acid

A

A nuclear hormone that binds to TF and contributes to proper differentiation of epithelial cells

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9
Q

Name the problems for hypovitaminosis A

A

Night blindess (As there is a lack of rhodopsin in Rod cell)

Keratomalacia (As vitamin A affects the growth and differentiation of epithelial cells, its deficiency produces defective epithelialisation and corneal softening and opacity[clouding])

Permanent blindness

Growth impediment, impair wound healing

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10
Q

What is the problem for hypervitaminosis A

A

liver toxicity, birth defects of infants

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11
Q

What is the chemical name for Vitamin D

A

cholecalciferol

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12
Q

What is the form that converted to vitamin D under UV

A

7-dehydrocholecalciferol

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13
Q

What is the form of vitamin D in diet

A

cholecalciferol, ergocalciferol

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14
Q

What is the form of Vitamin D for storage

A

25-hydroxylcholecalciferol

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15
Q

What is the active form of Vitamin D and where is it formed

A

1,25-dihydroxylcholecalciferol in KIdney

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16
Q

What is the function of Vitamin D

A

To maintain calcium level when plasma calcium level drops

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17
Q

What is the cause of hypovitaminosis D

A

Inadequate exposure to sunlight
Disruption of lipid absorption
Inadequate dietary intake
Poor liver and kidney function
Hypoparathyoidism

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18
Q

What are the problems of hypovitaminosis D

A

Rickets in children, osteomalacia in adults

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19
Q

What is the problem of hypervitaminosis D

A

Hypercalcemia, deposition of Calcium in organs like kidneys and arteries and hypercalciuria that forms kidney stone

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20
Q

What is the function of Vitamin E

A

As Antioxidant

21
Q

Can vitamin E supplement to prevent chronic disease as clinical trials?

A

Not advisable as clinical trials show disappointing

22
Q

Name the process that Vitamin K involves

A

Blood clotting

23
Q

What is the form of Vitamin K in diet

A

phylloquinone

24
Q

What is the active form of Vitamin K in diet

A

hydroquinone

25
Q

What is vitamin K a cofactor of

A

gamma-carboxylation (converting specific glutamate residues to gamma carboxyglutamate residues, ie mature clotting factor)

26
Q

What drug stops the conversion from phylloquinone to hydroquinone

A

Warfarin

27
Q

Other than poor lipid absorption, name 2 factors that contributes to hypovitaminosis K

A

Absence of gut bacteria producing vitamin D, Anticoagulation drugs taken

28
Q

Name a consequence for hypovitaminosis D

A

being suspectile to bleeding and bruising , possible anaemic, weak, present with no bleeding and bleeding gum, heavy menstrual bleeding and gastrointestinal bleeding

29
Q

Why newborn infant has no vitamin K

A

It has a sterile gut

30
Q

What is the cause and effect of hypervitaminosis K

A

By prolonged overdose of menadione(Synthesis Vitamin K) can lead to Vitamin K and haemolytic anaemia

31
Q

What are the common names for B1,B2, B3,B5, B6, B7, B9, B12

A

thiamine,, Riboflavin, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Pyridoxine, Biotin, Folic Acid, Cobalamin

32
Q

Name the Vitamin that act as coenzyme for pyruvate dehydrogenase and alpha-Ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

A

Thiamine (B1)

33
Q

Name the problem of Hypovitaminosis B1

A

beriberi (polished rice as main diet), seen association with chronic alcoholism

34
Q

Name the 2 compounds that Vitamin B2 forms

A

Flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and FAD( (Flavin adenine Dinucleotide)

35
Q

What is the function of FAD

A

coenzyme of succinate dehydrogenase/complex II; acyl CoA dehydrogenase; retinal dehydrogenase; NADH dehydrogenase/complex I.

36
Q

Name the compound that Niacin (Vitamin B3) forms

A

NAD+

37
Q

What is the fate after insufficient B3

A

Dermantitis,Diarrhea, Dementia, Death

38
Q

What does Pantothenic acid form

A

CoA

39
Q

What does Pyridoxine deficiency cause

A

anaemia and neurological symptoms

40
Q

What is the funciton of Vitamin B6

A

As CoEnyzmes for a variety of enzymes

41
Q

What is Biotin the coenzyme for

A

synthesis of fat, glycogen, amino acid

42
Q

What can cause Biotin deficiency

A

Eating Raw eggs

43
Q

What type of metabolism does Folic acid plays a key role in

A

one-carbon metablosim

44
Q

What is Reduced Folate called and what does it transfer the one-carbon fragments recieved from donors to

A

Tetrahydrofolate. Intermediates in the synthesis of amino acids, purines and TMP (a type of pyramidine in DNA)

45
Q

Name the deficiency disease for B9 and B12 and why

A

Megablastic Anaemia. Cells fail to make DNA HENCE cannot divide.

46
Q

What is the function of Cobalamine

A

It converts Folic Acid to its reduced form

47
Q

What is the function of Vitamin C

A

As antioxidant and reducing agent that keep Fe2+ at it’s state

48
Q

How does Hypovitaminosis C causes problem in connective tissues

A

Deificiency in hydrolyation of Collagen

49
Q

What can hypervitaminosis C cause

A

Formation of renal oxalate stone

MBBS IASM (24 decks)

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