Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MBBS IASM > Healing > Flashcards

Healing Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 steps of tissue response to injury

A

Acute inflammation (transient inciting stimulus)

Demolition (removal)

Healing/repair

Resolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is repair

What is the end product formed

A

It means replacement of lost tissue with granulation tissue

It finally matures to form fibrous tissue (scar)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the component of granulation tissue

A

Proliferating capillaries

Macrophages

Fibroblast, myofibroblast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is regeneration

A

Replacement of the damaged tissue with similar tissue type, and invovles proliferation of neighbouring undamaged specialized cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How can we classify cells according to their regenerative capacity

A

Labile
Stable
Permanent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What stage are the stable cells always at

A

G0 phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the steps for Wound healing

A

⎼Migration and regeneration of parenchymal cells (functional cell)
⎼Migration and proliferation of connective tissue cells
⎼Synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins
⎼Remodeling of connective tissue and
parenchyma
⎼Collagenization and acquisition of wound
strength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the growth factors released to aid wound healing

A

Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs)
—-> Grow new vessels

 Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs)
 Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)
 mitogenesis e.g. EGF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the Cell-cell and cell-matrix interaction

A

cells capable of regenerating, stop proliferating after the defect caused by injury has been healed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the details in Extracellular matrix synthesis and collagenization

A

–> fibroblasts secrete extracellular matrix components
–> proteoglycans, type III collagen

–> this is eventually replaced by type I collagen to form a permanent scar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the details of Skin Wounds

A

–Formation of “scab” and acute inflammation
–Regeneration of epithelial covering and
formation of granulation tissue
–Deposition of collagen and resorption of
capillaries
–Formation of scar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the healing process of Epithelial ulceration

A

Similar to that of Skin wound healing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the steps for Bone fracture

A

⎼Haematoma formation and inflammation
⎼Demolition
⎼Granulation tissue formation
⎼Callus formation
⎼Formation of lamellar bone
⎼Remodelling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is haematoma

A

Local bleeding outside blood vessel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is callus

What forms it

What is it’s function

Other than the cell forming the callus, what else will be active to remodel the bone

A

A soft callus (a type of soft bone) replaces the blood clot that formed in the inflammatory stage.

Osteoblast

Bridge the gap between the 2 bone fractures

Osteoclast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What will happen to the callus with the aim to harden it

A

Mineralization

17
Q

What will replace the Callus afterwards

A

Laminar bone

18
Q

What is meant by primary intention healing

A

To seal the wond / cut directly

19
Q

What is healing by secondary intention

A

Open wound

20
Q

What is the differenfce between healing by secondary and primary intention

A

Healing by secondary intention involves:
⎼ greater tissue loss
⎼more inflammatory exudate and necrotic
material to remove
⎼more granulation tissue
⎼wound contraction
-Slower process
-Increased Liability to infection

21
Q

What are the factors that affect healing

A

Local Factors
– Type of wound
– Apposition of wound margin
– Blood supply
– Infection
– Presence of foreign body in wound
– Previous irradiation

22
Q

What conditons will have adverse effect on wound healing

A

⎼ poor nutrition
* protein deficient
* Vitamin C deficient
⎼ steroid administration
⎼ systemic diseases
* diabetes mellitus, renal failure, cachexia

23
Q

What physical agent can accelerate healing

A

UV light

24
Q

Name 7 complications of wound healing

A

Infection
Keloid formation
Weak scar
Painful scar
Pigmentization
Wound Dishiscence (爆綫）

Cicatrization (the contraction of fibrous tissue formed at a wound site by fibroblast)

25
Q

What is the complication for lung tissue if acute inflammation occurs with extracellular matrix intact?

A

It becomes normal after regeneration

26
Q

What is the complication for lung tissue if extracellular matrix is damaged?

A

It undergoes fibrosis to cause interstitial fibrosis

27
Q

What is the complication if the heart has acute inflammation

A

It undergoes fibrosis to cause myocardial scar

28
Q

If the Liver has its tissue architecture damaged, what is the complication

A

Cirrhosis

29
Q

What are the regenerative capacity of cartilage and tendon respectively

A

Poor
Good but slow

30
Q

What is the regenerative capacity of muscle

A

None in cardiac muscle
Skeletal muscle regenerate by “Satellite cell”
smooth muscle have greatest capacity

31
Q

Are mature neurons regenerative

What is the complication brought by nerve transection

How can the neuronal connection be re-estabilished

A

No as they are permanent cell

Wallerian degeneration

re-growth and re-organization of cell processes of surviving neurons

32
Q

What does Wallerian degeneration consist of

What does Regeneration involves

A

Total degeneration of axon and secondary demyelination

Regeneration involves
* Schwann cell proliferation and sprouting of axons

33
Q

What are the 2 important properties of Stem cells

A

self-renewal, asymmetric division

34
Q

How to obtain embryonic stem cell

A

Obtained from inner cell mass of blastocyst 4 days after fertilization

35
Q

What are the 5 properties of Embryonic Stem Cells

A

– Versatile and can be cultured more rapidly
– More difficult to induce into the specific tissues
desired
– Risk of rejection as foreign tissue
– Danger of forming tumors
– Danger of transmission of infection

36
Q

What is the 4 property of adult stem cell

A

⎼More finite life span
⎼Easier to coax into specialization
⎼Less risk of uncontrollable growth of tumors
⎼Less risk of immune rejection

37
Q

Which type of stem cell has no sucessful case in human treatment

A

Embryonic stem cell

MBBS IASM (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions