Organisation Flashcards
What are the 3 branches from aorta
Branchiocephalic trunk (–> Right common carotid artery and right subclavian artery)
Left common carotid artery
Left subclavian artery
What does subclavian mean
Beneath clavicle (ie collarbone)
What is the organisation of blood vessels
Aorta/Vena cava –>Arteries/veins –> Artioles/ Venule –> capillary
How can the vessel change the diameter
The smooth muscle contract or relax to change the diameter of smal arteries or arterioles
What affects osmolality/osmolarity
The number of ions formed by dissociation when dissolved in water.
Osmolality: Osm/kg
Osmolarity: Osm/L
What are the ratios of
% by mass of fluid
ICF: ECF
Component of ECF
Is transcellular fluid considered. (synovial, CSF, Intra-ocular, pleural fluid)
60%
6:4 to 2:1
1/4 of ECF is plasma
3/4 is institial fluid
No
Compare the content of
Na+
K+
Cl-
Protein
Between ECF and ICF
ECF higher
ICF higher
ECF higher
ICF higher
What can be exchanged freely between the ICF and institial fluid
Water.
Ions require ion channels and transporters
What can be exchanged freely and not freely between Institinal fluid and the plasma
Freely: water and small solutes
Can’t: Protein
What is the word for
High bp
Low bp
Fast heart beat
Slow heart beat
Hypertension
Hypotension
Tachycardia
bradycardia
What is the
receptor
control centre
mechanism
effector of bp control (too high)
baroreceptor in the carotid sinus and the arch of aorta
medulla oblongata
efferent neural pathway (sth like vagnus nerve)
Heart, blood vessel,adrenal glands,kidneys
What is the
receptor
control centre
mechanism
effector of BGL (too high)
Receptor and control centre: β-cells of pancreatic islet
The rate of Glycolysis is directly proportional to the BGL hence a rise in BGL will automatically lead to an icreased ATP production hence insulin secretion,
Effector: Liver, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle
