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MBBS IASM > Epithelium tissue > Flashcards

Epithelium tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 primary tissues

A

Nervous tissue, muscle tissue, epithelium tissue and connective tissue

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2
Q

What is the origin of the tissue. What are the 3 layers

A

Embryonic germ layer.
Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm

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3
Q

What does the ectoderm form

A

surface facing external environment
e.g. skin

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4
Q

What does the mesoderm form

A

Lining of cavity not exposing to external environment

Lining og kidney tubules, endothelium of blood vessels, mesothelium that covers the lungs, abdomen and heart

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5
Q

What does endoderm form

A

Lining of body cavity and hollow passageway

E.g. GI tract, respiratory tract

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6
Q

What are the 4 functions of epithelium tissue

A
  1. Protection
    –>Form physical barrier with the connective tissue beneath
  2. Secretion (Grandular epithelium)
  3. Sensation (retina and
  4. Absorption and excretion
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7
Q

What is between the connective tissue and epithelium tissue

A

Basement membrane

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8
Q

Is there any vascular tissue in epthelium

A

No

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9
Q

How can epthielium tissue obtain oxygen and nutrients

A

From the conective tissue beneath (which is highly vascularized)

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10
Q

What are the 3 functions of basement membrane

A

Act as a glue to connect epithelium tissue and connective tissue

Perform tissue-specific functions

Guiding cell migration during repair by attracting them

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11
Q

What are the layer(s) of basement membrane named and from.

A

Basal lamina: From secretion of epithelium tissue, Collagen IV

Reticular lamina
From secretion of fibroblast of connective tissue
Collagen III

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12
Q

What are the 6 characteristics of epthielium tissue

A
  1. Rest on basement membrane
  2. Avascular, dependent on the connective tissue beneath for material exchange
  3. With junctional complex
  4. Exhibit functional and morphological polarity
  5. Contains cyotkeratin
  6. With little or no intercellular matrix
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13
Q

How can epithelium tissue be classified according to the shape of epithelial cell

A

Squamous (flat)
cuboidal (Cubic)
columnar (Like column)

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14
Q

What are the characteristics of the 3 cell types

A

Squamous has flattened nuclei which is parallel to the Epithelium

Cuboidal is like a square with spherical nuclei

Columnar has nuclues closer to Basal side

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15
Q

How can epithelium tissue be classified according to the number of layer of cells

A

Simple (1 layer)
Stratified (>1)
Psedostratified (Like >1 but only 1 actually)
transitional (stretchable and more than 1 layer)

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16
Q

What is simple squamous epithelium for. Example

A

Material exchange, absorption and secretion

Lining in heart, blood vessels and lymphatics, lining of peritoneal and pleural cavity

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17
Q

Simple Cuboidal?

A

Secretion, excretion and absorption

–> Pancreatic duct, PCT (Proximal Convoluted Tubule)

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18
Q

Simple columnar

A

Transport of fluid, secretion, absorption

Lining of intestine, gall bladder

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19
Q

Simple ciliated columnar

A

Fallopian Tube, ie oviduct to sweep the ovum to uterus

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20
Q

What can Stratified squamous epithelium be further classified into

A

Keratinized or non-keratinized

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21
Q

What does non-keratinized Stratified squamous epithelium

A

For protection, containing superficial layer of squamous cells containing nuclei (alive)

Uterine cervix surface

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22
Q

How abt keratinized

A

Superficial layer is rich in keratin with no nuclei, Skin

23
Q

Stratified Cuboidal epithelium

A

Uncommon, for excretory duct of exocrine glands

24
Q

Stratified columnar

A

Protection and secretion, uncommon

Larnyx, larger duct of exocrine gland, like mammary gland duct

25
Q

Transitional epithelium

A

ONly in urinary tract (ureter and urinary bladder)

26
Q

Psedostratified ciliated Columnar Epithelium

A

In human only respiratory tract

27
Q

Name 2 specialization at apical surface

A

Cilia and Microvilli

28
Q

Point out 2 differences between microvilli and cilia

A
  1. Microvilli is non-motile while cilia is motile
  2. Microvilli is made of actin filament inside while cilia contains an organized core of microtubules
29
Q

What is the significance of microvilli connecting to a network of filament below

A

To increase the distance between microvilli to increase surface area

30
Q

What is the arrangement of microtubules inside the cilia

A

9+2, 9doublet on side 2 at centre and Join the basal body

31
Q

What is the arrangement of microtubules inside the basal body

A

9+0 triplets arrangment pattern

32
Q

Name the 3 junctional complex

A

TIght junction (Zondula Occludents, ZO)

Adhering junction (Zondula Adherens, ZA)

Desmosomes

33
Q

What is the arrangement of ZO

A

A tight seal between adjacent cells, it restrict movement of substances and nearest to apical surface of cell

34
Q

What is the arrangement of ZA

A

It attaches both membrane protein and microfilament on cytoskeleton

Composing of cadherin which is transmembrane glycoprotein, binding with the terminal network of Actin within the cell and the cadherin on another cell

35
Q

What is the arrangement of Desmosomes

A

Interact with Keratin intermediate filament network

36
Q

Gap junction?

A

Composes of connectin which allows communcation and exchange of small molecules and ions between neighbouring cell

37
Q

Name 1 specialization at basal surface

A

Infolding, enhancing the surface area between epothelium and connective tissue beneath

38
Q

What are the nature of glands

A

Epithelial cells ingrowing into the connective tissue with the basement membrae remaining at the same position to separate epithelium and connective tissue.

39
Q

How to distinguish between endocrine glands and exocrine glands

A

Endocrine glands has no duct while exocrine has

40
Q

What are the Endocrine glands in human

A

pineal gland, thymus gland, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, and the two adrenal glands

41
Q

What are the 3 categories of exocrine glands according to the product

A

Serous gland, mucous gland, mixed gland

42
Q

What are the characteristics of mucous gland

A

Flattened nuclei, secret glycoprotein (mucin), with PALE cytoplasm

E.g. Salivary gland

43
Q

What are the characteristics of Serous gland

A

Round Nuclei, secrets protein/enzyme (ie watery), basophilic staining (darker colour)

e.g. pancreas

44
Q

Is serous demilune what type of exocrine gland

A

Mixed, with serous cell arrangeed as a cap on mucous cell

45
Q

What are the 3 method of secretions

A

Merocrine, Apocrine, Holocrine

46
Q

Which of them consists of rupture of exocrine cell

A

Holocrine

47
Q

Which of them consist of loss of part of cytoplasm

A

Apocrine

48
Q

Which of them does not involve loss in cytoplasm and secretions leave by exocytosis

A

Merocrine (aka eccrine)

49
Q

What are the 2 categories an exocrine gland for the branching of duct

A

Simple, compound

50
Q

What are the 3 categories of exocrine duct accordng to shape of duct

A

tubular, acinar and aveolar

51
Q

What epithelium does duct has

A

Cuboidal

52
Q

What can be found on all epithelium contacting external world

A

Mucous membrane

53
Q

What is the difference between acinar and aveolar glands

A

An acinar gland duct has a small lumen while the alveolar gland duct has a large lumen.

MBBS IASM (24 decks)

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