Connective tissue

Question 1

What is the embryonic origin of Connective tissue

Answer 1

Mesenchyme (from mesoderm)

Question 2

What are the 2 components of ECM

Answer 2

Ground substance and fibres

Question 3

What are the components of Ground substances

Answer 3

Hyaluronic acid, Proteoglycan, Glycoprotein

Question 4

What are the functions of the 3 components in ground substance

Answer 4

Hyaluronic acid
–> Polysaccharide
–> For lubricant, is viscous and slippery

Proteoglycan
–> Traps water as it has high negative charge and can interact with the Cations

Glycoprotein
–> For adhersion

Question 5

What are the 3 fibres in ECM

Answer 5

Collagen I
Collagen III
Elastic fibres

Question 6

\What is the change in fibre in process in wound healing

Answer 6

Collagen III formed at Proliferation Stage
, then replaced by Collagen I at Tissue Remodelling

Question 7

What is the major characteristics of Collagen I

Answer 7

Provides flexibility with high tensile strength

Wavy appearance

Question 8

What is Reticular Fibre and what are the characteristics

Answer 8

It is the fibrils that forms collagen III and requires Silver stain (black or brown) and PAS (Pink) to show.

Question 9

What is Elastic fibre

Answer 9

It contains elastin which arrange in a cross-linked manner hence it can recoil and stretch.

Fresh appears yellow

Can be found in Aortic wall, ligamentum flavum in vertebral column and larynx

Question 10

Why elastin is wavy appearance

Answer 10

It is at relaxed state

Question 11

What is Mafan syndrome

Answer 11

Autosomal dominant disorder which has defect in the gene forming fibrillin-1 hence has long arms and long limbs and very tall.

Question 12

What are the resident cells

Answer 12

Fibroblast, adipocytes and mesenchymal cells

Question 13

What can the cells in the tissue be classfiied

Answer 13

Resident: Stay permanently
Transient: Stay temporary

Question 14

Gives all the info of fibroblast

Answer 14

Less active form: Fibrocytes
The commonest cell in connective tissue
Produces Collagen. Elastic and Reticular Fibre, and ground substance

Respond to tissue damage and synthesize Matrix

Question 15

Gives all info abt adipocytes

Answer 15

Cells contain a large drop of liquid and nucleus squeezed to periphery

Has Uniocular and Multiocular adipose tissue, ie white and brown

For storage and synthesis of fat, and endocrine and thermal regulation

Question 16

What are the transient cells

Answer 16

Macrophages, Mast cells, plasma cells,

Question 17

What is the precursor of Macrophage, and the function other than engulfing pathogen

Answer 17

Monocytes, as antigen-presenting cell

Question 18

What is Mast cells

Answer 18

It contains secretary vesicles that contain vasoactive and immunoacitve substances to mediate inflammation and allergy reactions

Question 19

What is plasma cells

Answer 19

Developed by B-lymphocytes after activation, oval shape, has prominent rER and Golgi Apparatus
Clockface nucleus and active in antibody production

Question 20

What does loose (areolar) and dense connective tissue mean

Answer 20

Loose (areolar) has more cells than fibres

Dense: Has more fibres than cells

Question 21

What are regular and irregular connective tissue means

Answer 21

Irregular: A lot of collagen fibre arranging in random direction

Regular: Collagen fibres arranged in a parallel manner and poorly vascularized