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MBBS IASM > OSCA > Flashcards

OSCA Flashcards

VERY IMPORTANT

1
Q

What is the 3C1H refering to

A

Consent (Obtain from patient)
Chaperone (Ask prof to be)
Curtain

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2
Q

What is BMI

A

Body Mass Index. Weight (In Kilogram) divided by Height (in m) squared

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3
Q

What are the ranges for BMI in WHO standard

A

Underweight: <18.50

Normal: 18.50-25

overweight: 25-30

Obesity: >30

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4
Q

What are the ranges for BMI in CHP (FOr Asians)

A

Underweight: <18.5

Normal: 18.5-23

Overweight: 23-25

Obesity: >25

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5
Q

What are the causes for obesity

A

Lack of physical activity, excessive calorie intake

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6
Q

What are the complications for Obesity

A

T2DM, hypertension, fatty liver disease

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7
Q

How do we treat obesity

A

Healthy diet, exercise, medicine(statins)

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8
Q

What are the causes of underweight

A

High metabolic rate, poor diet, anorexia, cancer

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9
Q

What can underweight cause?

A

Osteoporosis, decreased immunity, anemia

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10
Q

How do we treat underweight

A

Adding snacks, increasing number of meals per day, addressing underlying cause

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11
Q

What shld we do
After 3C1H
Before making him onto the balance?

A

Ask for Pain or discomfort

Make him remove all heavy objects on his body

Tare

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12
Q

For palse palpitation, what are the 7 pulses

A

Radial
Carotid
Brachial
Popliteal
Posterior tibial
Dorsalis Pedis
Femoral

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13
Q

What is the anatomical landmark for Carotid pulse

A

Lateral to the thyroid cartilage

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14
Q

What is the anatomical landmark for Radial PULSE

A

At the base of the thumb at the lower forearm

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15
Q

What is the anatomical landmark for Brachial Pulse

A

Medial to the biceps tendon in the antecubital fossa

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16
Q

What is the anatomical landmark for femoral Pulse

A

midway between the pubic bone and the anterior superior iliac spine

17
Q

What is the anatomical landmark for Popliteal pulse

A

The popliteal pulse is located in the popliteal fossa, directly under the knee.

18
Q

What is the anatomical landmark for Posterior Tibial pulse

A

area behind the medial malleolus

19
Q

What is the anatomical landmark for Dorsalis pedis pulse

A

At the dorsum of the foot in the first intermetatarsal space just lateral to the extensor of the extensor hallucis longus tendon

20
Q

(What do we look for in Ankle edema)

A

Press the thumb into the skin above the medial malleolus on both sides, press down considerably hard for a few seconds, and then release

Formation of dimples indicates edema

21
Q

What is the definiton of brady and tachy

A

Brady: <60bpm

Tachy: >100bpm

22
Q

What are Difference between carotid pulse and jugular venous pressure

A

Carotid

-Palpable

Will not change with inspiration and expiration

1 peak per cardiac cycle

Will not change with the position of the patient

No way to accentuate

Lateral to laryngeal prominence and medial to SCM ( sternocleidomastoid muscle)

JVP
- Not palpable but pulsatile

-Will change with inspiration and expiration

-2 peaks per cardiac cycle

-Will change with the position of the patient

-Can accentuate with hepatojugular reflux maneuver

-Lateral to the SCM

23
Q

Why can’t I palpate carotid pulse bilaterally

A

Compromise cerebral perfusion. May cause stroke

24
Q

How to calculate Ankle-brachial index

A

ankle systolic pressure
/ brachial systolic pressure

Normal: 0.9-1 low may be due to peripheral arterial occlusion.

25
Q

Why will u overestimate the BP

A

Cuff bladder too narrow/applied loosely/not centered over the brachial artery

Arm held below heart level

Talking during measurement

Arm not properly supported, causing isometric contraction of limb muscle

White coat hypertension

26
Q

Why will u underestimate the BP

A

Cuff bladder is too wide or too tight

Leakage in the tubing

Heavy pressure on the stethoscope over the artery underestimates diastolic pressure

Arm held above heart level

Rest

Standing - a slight decrease in systolic blood pressure, and even more for the elderly and people on alpha-blockers

27
Q

What are the 2 types of Hypertension

A

Primary: Unknown cause

Secondary: Has an underlying cause like medication

28
Q

What can cause Hypertension

A

Pheochromocytoma, stress, caffeine consumption, exercise, white coat hypertension

29
Q

What can cause hypotension

A

Hypovolemia(blood loss/dehydration), medication, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction

30
Q

Name 2 class of drugs for Hypertension

A

Calcium channel blockers(amlodipine), Beta-blockers(propranolol)

31
Q

Complications of hypertension

A

Atherosclerosis, hemorrhagic stroke, aneurysms, metabolic disorders

32
Q
A

MBBS IASM (24 decks)

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