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MBBS IASM > Structure of cell > Flashcards

Structure of cell Flashcards

1
Q

What is on top of Phosphate grp in phospholipid

A

Nitrogenous part

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2
Q

By what forces are the phospholipids held together

A

Hydrophobic interaction

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3
Q

What is the word describing solubility of phospholipid

A

Amphipathic

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4
Q

Name another component in cell membrane that helps stabilize. And It’s orientation

A

Cholesterol. It’s -OH group points towards the phosphate , the side chain is pointing at the fatty acids

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5
Q

Name 3 actions that phospholipid can take

A

Diffuse laterally, flip flop (rare), Rotate

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6
Q

Name the science model used to describe the orientation of different components in cell membrane

A

Fluid Mosaic Model

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7
Q

Name 4 factors that will make the fluidity rises

A

Shorter FA, Higher temp, less cholesterol, more C=C

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8
Q

Where are the ribosomes in Rough ER

A

On cytosolic surface

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9
Q

Describe the shape of Rough ER

A

Flattened sheet of membranes and tubules

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10
Q

What is the membrane and lumen of Rough ER

A

Membrane is attached to Outer membrane of nuclear envelope, while lumen is continuous with that of nuclear envelope

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11
Q

Compare the shape of Rough ER and Smooth Er

A

SMooth ER is more tubular

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12
Q

Name 4 possible functions of Smooth ER

A

Make steroid
Lipid
Detoxification
Calcium storage and release

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13
Q

Describe the pathway of protein/lipid into and out of Golgi Apparatus

A

Cis-Golgi network –> lumen –> Trans-golgi Network (as vesicle)

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14
Q

What is lysosome for. What doees it contain. Under what circumstances are the content activated

A

Degrading protein and phagocytosis. Enzymes to degrade phagocytosed material and organelles. It is activated under acidic, ie pH=4.4-5.5

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15
Q

What is the size, function and common site for Peroxisomes

A

Smaller than lysosome.
For degradation of long FA and amino acids
In liver

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16
Q

What is the function of nuclear pores

A

It allows passive diffusion of small molecules and actively import of protein and actively export RNA and protein

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17
Q

What is the inside of nuclear envelope called

A

Nucleolus and nucleoplasm

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18
Q

What is the function of nucleolus

A

To make rRNA from the gene for encoding it in chromosome 13,14,15,21,22.

To process and assemble ribosomal subunits (NOT YET FULLY ASSMEBLED)

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19
Q

Where is the product assembled to form a fully functional ribosome

A

In cytoplasm

20
Q

What are the 3 subparts of nucleolus and their function

A

Fibrillar centre: depot of inactivated RNA genes

Dense fibrillar centre:Pre rRNA synthesis and early processing

Granular component: Contains ribosomal subunits of different stages

21
Q

What is nucleoplasm containing

A

DNA, nucleoproteins and protein

22
Q

What is a chromatin. What can chromatin be classified into

A

DNA complexed with histones. It can be divided into
heterochromatin
(less active in transcription) and
euchromatin (active in transcription)

23
Q

What are the functions of cytoskeleton

A

Maintains cell shape, involve in cytokinesis, guide intercellular traffic, for whole cell locomotion and provide mechanical support

24
Q

What is the major component of polymer microfilament

A

F-Actin

25
Q

What is the component of gobular monomer

A

G-Actin

26
Q

Arrange the size of filaments in ascending order

A

Microfilament < Intermediate filament < Microtubules

27
Q

What are the 2 possible confrontmation of microfilament and the arrangement of actin

A

Bundle (parallel)
Network (crossing)

28
Q

How does the actin shows different arrangement

A

By interacting with different cross-linking proteins

29
Q

What is inside a microvilli

A

Actin bundles, ie fimbrin

30
Q

What are the filament connected to

A

Actin network,filamin

31
Q

What does a dimer of intermediate filament made of

A

2 rod-like proteins twisting in a parallel manner to form a dimer

32
Q

How does a tetramer of intermediate filament form

A

It is formed by 2 dimers twisting in an anti-parallel direction

33
Q

What does tetramer form then

A

end to end to form protofilament

34
Q

Name 3 types of cytoplasmic intermediate filament

A

Keratin (in epithelial cell)
Vimentin (connective tissue,smooth muscle cell)
neurofilament (Nerve cell)

35
Q

Name 1 type of intermediate filament in nucleus

A

Nuclear lamina (inside nucleus to form nuclear lamina in the inner membrane)

36
Q

What is the problem of lacking keratin in cell

A

Cell being fragile and prone to rupture hence skin blistering

37
Q

What is the building unit of microtubule

A

Tublin dimer made of Alpha and Beta tublin

38
Q

What does microtubule builds to

A

Protofilament when arranged in longtidinal row

39
Q

What does protofilament form.

A

13 to form a hollow centre

40
Q

Where does microtubule lengthen and shorten respectively

A

+ end and - end

41
Q

What is the origin of all microtubules. Name another function of it. What is that in human

A

MTOC (microTubill Organising Centre)
As the anchor of 1 end

Centrosome (with centriole as centre) in human
Basal body (to push out extensions like fragella and cilia)

42
Q

What can microtubules do

A
  1. Separating chromosomes during mitosis (Mitotis spindle)
  2. Intracellular transport of organelles)
    Axonal transport
  3. Cell locomotion
    Cilia and fragella movement
43
Q

What stops elongation of microtubule

A

colchicine

44
Q

What stops depolymerization of microtubule

A

taxol

45
Q

Name 1 process possibily affected by the taxol

A

Mitotic cell division

MBBS IASM (13 decks)

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