Vitamins Flashcards
What is the role of vit A
Vital for epithelial proliferation, keratinisation and development
Source of vitamin A
Animal: milk, liver, eggs, oily fish
Plants: green leafy veg, bright orange / yellow fruit and veg e.g. mango and carrots
Presentation of lack of vit A
Skin : keratotic follicular ( ie in hair follicles) papules on the thigh and upper arms, dry skin
Role of vit K
Essential for several blood coagulation factors
Source of vit k
Green leafy veg
Also produced in the G.I. Tract by bacteria
- can be affected by prolonged antibiotics
Presentation of a lack of vit k
Bleeding tendency , seen in skin as purpura and easy bruising
What are the fat soluble vitamins
A, k
Water soluble vitamins
Vitamin B2 ( riboflavin) Vitamin B3 ( niacin) Vitamin B6 Folate Vitamin B12 Biotin Vitamin C ( absorbic acid )
Function of vitamin B2
Essential co - factor in numerous metabolic reactions
Source of vitamin b2
Milk, liver, meat, eggs, green leafy veg
Lack of vitamin B2
Lesions of the margins of the lips ( cheilosis) and corners of the mouth ( angular stomatitis), painful, red, dry tongue
Role of vitamin b3
Essential co- factor in numerous metabolic reactions
Sources of vit B3
Meat, fish, nuts, coffee. Also converted from dietary tryptophan ( essential amino acid) in the body
What is presentation of a lack of vit b3
Pellagra
Dermatitis: bilateral, symmetrical, itchy, red rash, worse on sun exposed areas e.g. hands with blistering, tongue and lip inflammation
Delirium : headaches, irritability, anxiety, depression and memory impairment
Diarrhoea : with abdo pain, nausea, vomiting
Death : in 4 -5 year as if not treated
What is the role of vit b6
Co - enzyme for many processes
What are the sources of vitamin b6
Meat, cereals, milk, potatoes, bananas, nuts and pulses
Presentation of a lack of vit B6
Dermatitis of face, scalp, neck, shoulders, bum, and perineum, tongue inflammation
Role of folate and vitamin b12
Critical co - enzymes in many processes with similar deficiency state
Source of folate
Liver, green leafy veg, beans, nuts and milk
Sources of vit B12
Only found in foods of animal origins Such as meat, milk, fish and eggs
Presentation of deficiency of folate and vitamin b12
Anemia, angular stomatitis, glossitis, hair depigmentation, skin and mucous membrane pigmentation. Neurological symptoms with b12 deficiency
Role of biotin
Essential co -factor for carboxylase enzymes
Sources of biotin
Cereals, meat, milk, eggs, pulses, nuts. Also produced by GI bacteria
Presentation of biotin deficiency
It’s rare.
Only seen in malabsorptive states of in adequate parenteral nutrition
Facial dermatitis, glossitis, alopecia
Role of vit c
Essential co- factor in collagen formation e.g. Hair and for bone and teeth health
Source of vit C
Citrus Fruit, strawberries, black currants, tomatoes, potatoes
Deficiency of vit c
Hyperkeratosis around hair follicles, bent hair, inflamed gums, poor wound healing
Fatigue, malaise, muscle and bone pain
Role of zinc ( minerals)
Required for many metabolic pathways.
Structure and function of skin and so vital for wound healing
Sources of zinc
Meat, fish, milk, egg, cereal, nuts and pulses
Presentation of lack of zinc
Acrodermatitis enteropathica ( autosomal recessive) - caused by lack of zinc absorption. Infants develop diarrhoea, alopecia, dry / brittle hair, perioral, facial and acral ( hands and feet’s), dermatitis
Acquired: more common. Dermatitis rash of hands and feet’s mainly, growth retardation in children
