Vitamins

Question 1

What is the role of vit A

Answer 1

Vital for epithelial proliferation, keratinisation and development

Question 2

Source of vitamin A

Answer 2

Animal: milk, liver, eggs, oily fish
Plants: green leafy veg, bright orange / yellow fruit and veg e.g. mango and carrots

Question 3

Presentation of lack of vit A

Answer 3

Skin : keratotic follicular ( ie in hair follicles) papules on the thigh and upper arms, dry skin

Question 4

Role of vit K

Answer 4

Essential for several blood coagulation factors

Question 5

Source of vit k

Answer 5

Green leafy veg
Also produced in the G.I. Tract by bacteria
- can be affected by prolonged antibiotics

Question 6

Presentation of a lack of vit k

Answer 6

Bleeding tendency , seen in skin as purpura and easy bruising

Question 7

What are the fat soluble vitamins

Answer 7

A, k

Question 8

Water soluble vitamins

Answer 8

Vitamin B2 ( riboflavin)
Vitamin B3 ( niacin) 
Vitamin B6 
Folate
Vitamin B12 
Biotin 
Vitamin C ( absorbic acid )

Question 9

Function of vitamin B2

Answer 9

Essential co - factor in numerous metabolic reactions

Question 10

Source of vitamin b2

Answer 10

Milk, liver, meat, eggs, green leafy veg

Question 11

Lack of vitamin B2

Answer 11

Lesions of the margins of the lips ( cheilosis) and corners of the mouth ( angular stomatitis), painful, red, dry tongue

Question 12

Role of vitamin b3

Answer 12

Essential co- factor in numerous metabolic reactions

Question 13

Sources of vit B3

Answer 13

Meat, fish, nuts, coffee. Also converted from dietary tryptophan ( essential amino acid) in the body

Question 14

What is presentation of a lack of vit b3

Answer 14

Pellagra
Dermatitis: bilateral, symmetrical, itchy, red rash, worse on sun exposed areas e.g. hands with blistering, tongue and lip inflammation
Delirium : headaches, irritability, anxiety, depression and memory impairment
Diarrhoea : with abdo pain, nausea, vomiting
Death : in 4 -5 year as if not treated

Question 15

What is the role of vit b6

Answer 15

Co - enzyme for many processes

Question 16

What are the sources of vitamin b6

Answer 16

Meat, cereals, milk, potatoes, bananas, nuts and pulses

Question 17

Presentation of a lack of vit B6

Answer 17

Dermatitis of face, scalp, neck, shoulders, bum, and perineum, tongue inflammation

Question 18

Role of folate and vitamin b12

Answer 18

Critical co - enzymes in many processes with similar deficiency state

Question 19

Source of folate

Answer 19

Liver, green leafy veg, beans, nuts and milk

Question 20

Sources of vit B12

Answer 20

Only found in foods of animal origins Such as meat, milk, fish and eggs

Question 21

Presentation of deficiency of folate and vitamin b12

Answer 21

Anemia, angular stomatitis, glossitis, hair depigmentation, skin and mucous membrane pigmentation. Neurological symptoms with b12 deficiency

Question 22

Role of biotin

Answer 22

Essential co -factor for carboxylase enzymes

Question 23

Sources of biotin

Answer 23

Cereals, meat, milk, eggs, pulses, nuts. Also produced by GI bacteria

Question 24

Presentation of biotin deficiency

Answer 24

It’s rare.
Only seen in malabsorptive states of in adequate parenteral nutrition
Facial dermatitis, glossitis, alopecia

Question 25

Role of vit c

Answer 25

Essential co- factor in collagen formation e.g. Hair and for bone and teeth health

Question 26

Source of vit C

Answer 26

Citrus Fruit, strawberries, black currants, tomatoes, potatoes

Question 27

Deficiency of vit c

Answer 27

Hyperkeratosis around hair follicles, bent hair, inflamed gums, poor wound healing
Fatigue, malaise, muscle and bone pain

Question 28

Role of zinc ( minerals)

Answer 28

Required for many metabolic pathways.

Structure and function of skin and so vital for wound healing

Question 29

Sources of zinc

Answer 29

Meat, fish, milk, egg, cereal, nuts and pulses

Question 30

Presentation of lack of zinc

Answer 30

Acrodermatitis enteropathica ( autosomal recessive) - caused by lack of zinc absorption. Infants develop diarrhoea, alopecia, dry / brittle hair, perioral, facial and acral ( hands and feet’s), dermatitis

Acquired: more common. Dermatitis rash of hands and feet’s mainly, growth retardation in children