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Dermatology (A.S) > Structure > Flashcards

Structure Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What are the layers of the skin ( top and bottom)

A

Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis

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2
Q

Layers of the epidermis ( top to bottom)

A 
Keratin
Granular 
Prickle 
Basal 
( Kirsty grabs pickle burger)
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3
Q

What is the epidermis made out of

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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4
Q

What cells does epidermis contain

A

Keratinocytes, melanocytes, langerhans and merkel cells

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5
Q

Epidermis thickness changes throughout the body, where has the thickest skin

A

Hands and feet

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6
Q

What regulates epidermal cells

A

Growth factor, cell death, hormones

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7
Q

Features of keratin layer

A

Corneocytes ( flat cells without the nuclei)
Has keratin and fliagggin
It keeps water in as its a tight waterproof barrier

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8
Q

Features of granular layer

A

Flatter than the granular layer
Contains keratohyalin granules and structural flaggrin - required to keep water in
2- 3 cells thick

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9
Q

Features of prickle layer

A

Polyhedral cells

Has desmosomal, intermediate filaments connect to desmosomes

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10
Q

Features of basal layer

A

One cell thick
Small cuboidal shape cells
Has intermediate filaments
Very metabolically active

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11
Q

Function of melanocytes

A

Known as the pigment cell
Makes melanin - transports it along to a synapse to a keratinocytes and they spread the melanin granules

They convert tyrosine to 2 different types of melanin pigment

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12
Q

What are the 2 different types of melanin and their colours

A
  1. Eumelanin ( brown /black)

2. Phaeomelanion ( red, yellow)

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13
Q

What is the difference in the following terms :

  • vitiligo
  • albinism
  • nelson syndrome
  • melanoma
A
  • autoimmune, something destroying the melanocytes
  • no melanin
  • melanin stimulating hormones is produced in excess by pituitary
  • malignant cell line of melanocytes
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14
Q

Where are merkel cells located

A

Basal layer between keratinocytes and nerve fibres

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15
Q

Function of merkel cell

A

Mechanoreceptors - allows sensation. Connects to free nerve endings - direct entry point to CNS

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16
Q

Where do langerhans cells stay

A

Prickle cell in epidermis

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17
Q

Function of langerhans cells

A

Samples things that come into the skin - find invasions and takes them to regional lymph node to present to professional cells

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18
Q

What are blaschko’s lines

A

Growth pattern of skin ie one cell affected - whole line will be

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19
Q

Main tissue groups in skins

A 
Nervous 
Epithelium 
Glands 
Muscle 
Hair 
Adipose tissue 
Connective tissue 
Nails
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20
Q

What separates the epidermis and the dermis

A

Dermo - epidermal junction

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21
Q

Function of the dermo - epidermal junction

A

Anchorage, skin adhesion, filter to let things pass the dermis

22
Q

What happens if the DEJ fails?

A

Bullous pemphigoid : antibody produced to fight the junction
Epidermolysis bullous : defects in the protein making the junction

23
Q

What unit is the hair follicle apart of?

A

Pilosebaceous unit

24
Q

What Are the phases of growth

A

Anlagen : growth
Catagen : involuting
Telegen : resting ( falls out)

25
Q

What’s the difference in these terms

A

Telegenon effluvium : all hair falls out due to stress
Virilisation / hirsutism :women get male pattern hair due to excess androgen from a tumour
Alopecia areata : autoimmune hair loss

26
Q

What is in the pilosebaceous unit

A

Hair follicle
Hair shit
Arrector pilli msucle
Sebaceous glands

27
Q

What cells are in the dermis

A

Fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, lymphocytes, langerhans cells

28
Q

What does fibroblasts produce

A

Collagen and elastin

29
Q

What else ( other than cells) is in the dermis

A

Muscles, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels

30
Q

What is a food allergy

A

Adverse immune response to flood, can be IgE or not

31
Q

What is a food intolerance

A

Non immune response

32
Q

What is acanthosis nigiricians

A

A velvety thickening and pigmentation of the skin folds e.g. armpits, neck

33
Q

What is hidradenitis suppurativa

A

A chronic inflammatory disease where boils and abscesses form and scar in apocrine gland areas

34
Q

What is androgenetic alopecia

A

Male pattern balding in men / women

35
Q

What stretch marks

A

Dermal CT injury in response to local stretching forces

36
Q

What manifestations of skin caused by obesity

A 
Acanthosis nigiricans 
Skin tags
Hirsutism 
Acne 
Hidradenits suppurtiva 
Androgenetic alopecia 
Stretch marks
37
Q

What diseases are caused by obesity

A 
Lymphoedema
chronic venous insufficiency
Skin infections 
Intertigo 
Psoriasis
38
Q

Another name for keratin layer

A

Stratum corneum

39
Q

What happens to ketarinocytes

A

Usually differentiated to corneocytes

40
Q

What is the main skin resident immune cell

A

Langerhans cells

41
Q

What are langerhans cells characterised by

A

Birbecks granules

42
Q

Where are T cells found in the skin

A

Epidermis and dermis

43
Q

Where are CD8 + T cells found

A

Epidermis

44
Q

Where are CD4+ and CD8 + T found in

A

the dermis

45
Q

What T helper is assoc with psoriasis

A

TH1

46
Q

What t helper is assoc with atopic dermititis

A

TH2

47
Q

What T helper is assoc with psoriasis and atopic dermatitis

A

TH17

48
Q

What is hyperkeratosis

A

Increased thickness of keratin layer

49
Q

What is parakeratosis

A

Persistence of nuclei in the keratin layer

50
Q

What is acanthosis

A

Increased thickness of epithelium

51
Q

What is papillomatosis

A

Irregular epithelial thickening

52
Q

What are the 4 inflammatory skin disease classification

A

Spongiotic - intra epidermal oedema
Psoriasiform - elongation of the reta ridges
Lichenoid - basal layer damage
Vesiculobullous - blistering

Dermatology (A.S) (19 decks)

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