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Dermatology (A.S) > Skin Cancer > Flashcards

Skin Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 main types of skin cancer

A

Keratinocytes skin cancer

Melanoma

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2
Q

What are the 2 types of keratinocytes skin cancer

A

Basal cell carcinoma

Squamous cell carcinoma

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3
Q

What is the origin of basal cell carcinoma

A

Keratinocytes from basal level

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4
Q

What is the origin of squamous cell carincoma

A

Supra basal keratinocytes

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5
Q

What is the origin of melanoma

A

Melanocytes scattered of basal layer

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6
Q

What is benign collections of melanoma

A

Melanocytic moles or naevi

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7
Q

Can keratinocytes move

A

No

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8
Q

Can melanocytes move

A

Yes it can migrate into skin from the neural crest and are motile cells that move around - ie more likely to spread

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9
Q

Risk factors for skin cancer

A 
Age
UV exposure 
Bad burn as a kid!!
Immunosuppressive
Coal tar
Smoking 
Ionising radiation, arsenic, trauma, chronic ulceration 
Scalp ringworm
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10
Q

What skin cancer prevention can you do

A

Avoid sun 11am - 3pm
Use shade whenever possible
Avoid sun beds
Tightly woven, loose fitting clothing ( dark)
Long sleeves, trousers, skirts
Broad spectrum ( 25+) with UVA protection
Apply twice, reapply after swimming / towelling
Keep an eye out

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11
Q

How to you stage melanoma

A

Tumour depth

Breslow thickness

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12
Q

What if the breslow thickness is <1mm

A

5 year survival is 95%

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13
Q

What if breslow thickness is >4mm

A

50 % 5 year survival

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14
Q

Metastasis - what’s the prognosis

A

5% in the next 5 years

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15
Q

How to diagnose melanoma

A 
A - asymmetry 
B - border 
C - colour 
D - diameter
E - evaluation

Ugly duckling sign

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16
Q

If you have atypical mole syndrome, what’s a red flag

A

Speed of change

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17
Q

What is the most common skin cancer

A

Keratinocytes

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18
Q

What is most common out of the 2 keratinocytes

A

BCC

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19
Q

Features of BCC

A 
Slow growing lump
Non healing ulcer
Painless and often ignored 
History of bleeding 
Locally invasive but doesnt spread 
ROLLING EDGE, CENTRAL ULCERATION
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20
Q

Buzzword for BCC

A

Roiling edge, central ulceration

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21
Q

Treatment for BCC

A

Surgery

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22
Q

Features of SCC

A

Warty or crusted lump or ulcer
Arises on sun - damaged skin
Grows faster, may be painful and or bleed
Can metastasise

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23
Q

Features of nodular / nodulocystic BCC

A

Can see through it

24
Q

What age does BCC happen

A

Younger patients < 40

25
Q

What are the types of BCC

A

Nodular
Superfical
Infiltractive
Pigmented

26
Q

What age does SCC happen

A

Elderly

27
Q

What are the precursor lesions for SCC

A

Actinic keratosis and Bowen’s disease ( carcinoma in situ )

28
Q

What areas are at risk of SCC

A

Ear, lips and scalp

29
Q

Where does SCC metastatic

A

Regional lymph nodes and bone

30
Q

What is Bowen’s disease

A

Full thickness of epidermis

31
Q

Conditions that are risk factors for skin cancer

A

Xeroderma pigmentosum
Occulocutranous albinism
Naevoid basal cell carincoma ( gorlin) syndrome
Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa ( butterfly disease)

32
Q

Features xeroderma pigmentosum

A

Defects in nucleotide excision repair issue

33
Q

Features of xeroderma pigmentosum

A

Present as a baby - photosensitivity

Neurological generation

34
Q

What is oculocutanous albinism

A

Congenital absence of melanin
Autosomal recessive
Absence or defect of tyrosinase
Lack of pigment in retina leads result in visual provoked

35
Q

What are the visual defects in oculocutanous albinism

A

Photophobia
Nystagmus
Amblyobia

36
Q

Features of gorlin syndrome

A 
Autosomal dominant 
Early onset/ mutiple BCC 
Palmar pits
Jaw cysts 
Ectopic calcification
37
Q

How does butterfly disease happen

A

Lack collagen in basal layer

38
Q

What sort of damage does UVB lead to

A

Direct DNA damage

39
Q

What sort of damage does UVA produce

A

Indirect DNA damage

40
Q

What does melanocortin 1 receptor do

A

Converts phaeomelanin to eumelanin
Determines balance of pigment in skin and hair
* eumelanin causes every colour but red (phaeomelanin does this)

41
Q

What happens if MC1R turns defective

A

1 defective Copy - freckling

2 - red hair and freckles

42
Q

What are the different types of melanocytic naevi

A

Usual type, dysplastic, spitz, blue

43
Q

What is blue naevi

A

Melanocytes stuck in the dermis

44
Q

What is halo naevi

A

Halo of depigmentatin as body is getting rid of naevi

45
Q

Spitz naevi

A

In children or before 20

Mimic melanoma but most benign

46
Q

What are the 4 types of melanoma

A
  1. Superfical spreading - trunk and limb
  2. Acral / mucosal lentiginous acral and mucosal
  3. Lentigo maligna - sun damaged face / neck and scalp
  4. Nodular - varied sites but often trunk
47
Q

What’s another word for seborrheic keratosis

A

Age spot

48
Q

What are buzz words for seborrheic keratosis

A

Stuck on appearance

49
Q

3 types of BCC

A

Nodular
Superfical
Infiltrative

50
Q

Where are Bowen’s normally found

A

Lower leg

51
Q

Where are acintic keratosis found

A

Skin exposed skin

52
Q

What actinic keratosis full thickness

A

No - partial

Bowen’s is

53
Q

What is a dermatofibroma

A 
Hard stone in skin 
Very common 
Ryan 
Benign 
Do nothing or remove for cosmetics
54
Q

What are morgellons

A

They believe they have a certain condition

55
Q

What is prurigo simplex

A

Itchy for no physical reason - more emotional

Dermatology (A.S) (19 decks)

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