Pharmacology Flashcards
Major routes
Tropical ( local)
Transdermal ( systemic)
Subcutaneous ( systemic)
What is the most important barrier for drug penetration
Stratum corneum - through simple diffusion
What is the stratum corneum
Corneocytes ( hardened, dead keratinocytes) surrounded by intercellular lipids forming sheets that will shed and renew
What is the brick and mortar model
Bricks : corneocytes containing keratin macrofilametns embedded in a fliaggrin matrix surrounded by protein cell envelope
Mortar: lamellar structures of intercellular lipids, cholesterol, free fatty acid
Different types of topical routes from large water content to small
Lotions - creams - onitments - gels - pastes - powders
Treatment of warts
Keratolytics ( salicylic acid), sliver nitrate, cryotherapy
What is a gel
Thickened aqueous lotions, semi solid and contain high molecular weight polymers, treats scalp, hair beating areas, face
What is cream
Semi solid emulation of oil in water, contains emulsifier and preservative. Non - greasy, high water content, cool
What is ointment
Semi solid grease / oil ( soft paraffin), greasy, restrict transepidermal water loss
What are pastes
Semi solid, contain finely powdered material, a stiff grease, protective
What are lotions
Liquid formulation, suspension or solution of medication in water, alcohol or other liquid
Type of drug eruptions
- Type 1: anaplhylaxis / Uticaria
Type 2: blistering reaction
Type 3 : purpura / vascular / rash
Type 4 ; erythema / rash
How do drug eruptions rash present
Exanthematous ie extensive, red Maccules and papules
Small amount is urticarial
Management of drug eruptions
Stop the drug Topical corticosteroids Antihistamines ( if type 1 ) Allergy bracelets Drug adverse reaction reported on yellow card scheme
