vitamin b Flashcards
Q1: What are the functions of thiamin (Vitamin B1)?
Energy transformation (Krebs cycle), nerve conduction for normal brain, muscle, and heart function, metabolism of macronutrients, coenzyme in niacin synthesis.
What type of vitamin is thiamin (Vitamin B1)?
Water-soluble vitamin, essential for carbohydrate metabolism.
What are the sources of thiamin?
Pork, whole grains, enriched breads, egg yolk, nuts, legumes, lean meats.
What are the deficiency diseases associated with thiamin?
Beriberi (neuropathy, muscle wasting, tachycardia, enlarged heart), Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (confusion, ataxia, nystagmus).
What oral health considerations are associated with thiamin deficiency?
Involved in sucrose degradation, affecting enamel dissolution, burning tongue.
What are the functions of riboflavin (Vitamin B2)?
Energy metabolism, conversion of tryptophan to niacin.
Who is at high risk for thiamin deficiency?
Alcoholics.
What are the oral health considerations for riboflavin deficiency?
Glossitis (papillary atrophy, irregular denudation), angular cheilitis.
What are the deficiency symptoms of riboflavin?
Burning/itching eyes, visual impairment, dermatitis, anemia.
What are the sources of riboflavin?
Dairy (milk, cheese), fortified breads/cereals, lean meats, poultry, fish, leafy greens.
What are the functions of niacin (Vitamin B3)?
Coenzyme in carbohydrate/fat/protein metabolism.
What are the sources of niacin?
Lean meats, poultry, fish, peanuts, fortified grains, legumes, seeds.
What is the deficiency disease associated with niacin?
Pellagra (“4 Ds”: dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, death).
What are the effects of excessive niacin intake?
Liver dysfunction, gout, flushing, nausea, blurred vision.
What are the oral health considerations for niacin deficiency?
Scarlet glossitis (edema, bright red, sore), ulcerations (under tongue, mucosa of lower lips, buccal mucosa), gingival inflammation (resembling ulcerative gingivitis).
What are the functions of pantothenic acid (Vitamin B5)?
Metabolism of macronutrients, part of coenzyme A.
What are the deficiency symptoms of pantothenic acid?
Rare, but may cause burning feet, fatigue, insomnia, depression, dysfunctional lipid synthesis, and energy production.
What are the sources of pantothenic acid?
Abundant in animal sources, whole grains; also produced by gut bacteria.
What are the functions of pyridoxine (Vitamin B6)?
Protein metabolism, neurotransmitter synthesis, immune function.
What are the oral health considerations for pantothenic acid deficiency?
May impair oral tissue healing.
What are the deficiency symptoms of pyridoxine?
Glossitis, angular cheilosis, peripheral neuropathy, immune dysfunction.
What are the effects of excessive pyridoxine intake?
Sensory neuropathy, ataxia, muscle weakness.
What are the sources of pyridoxine?
Meat, poultry, fish, whole grains, dark leafy vegetables, nuts, legumes.
What are the oral health considerations for pyridoxine deficiency?
Hypertrophy of fungiform papillae.
What are the functions of folate (Vitamin B9)?
DNA/RNA synthesis, RBC maturation, fetal neural tube formation.
What are the deficiency symptoms of folate?
Megaloblastic anemia, neural tube defects, impaired immunity.
What are the effects of excessive folate intake?
Masks B12 deficiency, kidney damage, cognitive decline.
What are the sources of folate?
Liver, beans, leafy greens, lean beef, fortified grains.
What are the oral health considerations for folate deficiency?
Glossitis (fiery red, denuded papillae).
What are the deficiency symptoms of cobalamin?
Pernicious anemia, immature RBC, hemorrhagic gingiva, bone loss, neurological symptoms.
What are the functions of cobalamin (Vitamin B12)?
RBC and myelin synthesis, DNA synthesis, nerve function, synthesis of nucleic acids.
What are the sources of cobalamin?
ONLY Animal products (organ meats, eggs, dairy, fish); vegan source: kelp.
What are the oral health considerations for cobalamin deficiency?
Glossopyrosis (tongue pain), altered taste, cheilosis, glossitis, stomatitis, pale mucosa.
What are the functions of biotin (Vitamin B7)?
Protein, carbohydrate, fat metabolism, gene transcription.
What are the deficiency symptoms of biotin?
Glossitis, pallor of tongue, patchy atrophy of lingual papillae.
What are the sources of biotin?
Egg yolk, liver, cereals, supplements, infant formula.
What are the oral health considerations for biotin deficiency?
Atrophy of lingual papillae along lateral tongue borders.
