Nutritional Requirements During Infancy

Question 1

By what age does an infant’s birth weight typically double?

Answer 1

By 4 months

Question 2

When does an infant’s birth weight typically triple?

Answer 2

By 1 year

Question 2

How many calories per kilogram per day do infants need between 3-12 months?

Answer 2

95 to 83 cal/kg per day

Question 3

How do infants’ energy requirements compare to adults?

Answer 3

Infants require more energy per pound compared to adults

Question 4

By what percentage does an infant’s length increase during the first year?

Answer 4

By 50%

Question 5

What is the protein requirement for infants 0-6 months?

Answer 5

1.52 g/kg daily

Question 6

What is the protein requirement for infants 6+ months?

Answer 6

1.2 g/kg daily

Question 7

What percentage of an infant’s daily caloric intake should come from protein?

Answer 7

Protein should not exceed 20% of daily caloric intake

Question 8

Why should protein intake not exceed 20% of daily calories in infants?

Answer 8

Due to immature renal function

Question 9

What does breast milk contain that supports infant health?

Answer 9

Living cells, hormones, active enzymes, and antibodies

Question 10

How does breast milk support infant kidney function?

Answer 10

It has a low mineral content that supports immature kidneys

Question 11

What fatty acids in breast milk aid brain and retinal development?

Answer 11

Long-chain fatty acids (ARA, DHA)

Question 12

What is the benefit of high cholesterol in breast milk?

Answer 12

It supports infant growth

Question 13

How does breast milk benefit oral health?

Answer 13

It promotes optimal orofacial development and reduces orthodontic needs by 40%

Question 14

How long is exclusive breastfeeding recommended?

Answer 14

At least 4 months

Question 15

When should vitamin D be supplemented in breastfed infants?

Answer 15

By 2 months

Question 16

When should iron-rich foods be introduced to breastfed infants?

Answer 16

After 6 months

Question 17

When should fluoride supplements be delayed in breastfed infants?

Answer 17

Until 6 months

Question 18

Can artificial infant milk fully replicate human milk?

Answer 18

No, it cannot fully replicate human milk

Question 19

What is the base of artificial infant milk?

Answer 19

Nonfat cow’s milk, modified to include DHA

Question 20

How many calories does artificial infant milk provide per ounce?

Answer 20

20 cal/oz

Question 21

What does the American Dental Association recommend for mixing powder formula?

Answer 21

Use fluoride-free water

Question 22

What type of formula does the ADA recommend to reduce the risk of fluorosis?

Answer 22

Raedy-to-use formula

Question 23

What is a common alternative to cow’s milk for infants with allergies?

Answer 23

Soy-based formula

Question 24

What type of formula is designed for easier digestion?

Answer 24

Hypoallergenic formula

Question 25

When should formula be discontinued for infants?

Answer 25

At age 1, transitioning to whole milk until age 2

Question 26

What age range is ideal for introducing single-grain cereals?

Answer 26

4-6 months

Question 27

What is the first food typically introduced to infants?

Answer 27

Single-grain cereals (rice, oat, barley)

Question 28

How much formula should an infant consume daily at 4-6 months?

Answer 28

Around 32 oz daily

Question 28

Why should fruit juice be avoided before 6 months?

Answer 28

Due to lack of nutritional benefit

Question 29

What is the recommended approach to introducing complementary foods at 6-8 months?

Answer 29

Introduce one new food at a time to monitor for allergies

Question 30

What is the recommended order for introducing complementary foods?

Answer 30

Vegetables, meats, fruits (Sweet foods last to avoid preference development)

Question 31

How much diluted fruit juice can be introduced between 6-8 months?

Answer 31

4-6 oz of diluted fruit juice

Question 31

In what type of container should fruit juice be offered to infants?

Answer 31

A cup (not a bottle or sippy cup)

Question 32

What type of foods should be offered at 6-8 months to help with chewing development?

Answer 32

Lumpier foods

Question 33

Why is iron and zinc intake important for infants at 6-8 months?

Answer 33

To increase intake, especially for breastfed infants

Question 34

What are the risks of overfeeding infants?

Answer 34

High costs, overconsumption, digestive stress, food allergies, reduction in iron absorption

Question 35

What drinks should be avoided in sippy cups?

Answer 35

Juice, soda, or sweetened drinks

Question 36

What benefit does breastfeeding have over bottle feeding?

Answer 36

Promotes jaw and chin development

Question 37

What dental problems may arise from bottle use and pacifiers?

Answer 37

Malocclusions and narrowed dental arches

Question 38

What causes cleft lip and palate?

Answer 38

Genetics, drug exposure, or folic acid deficiency.

Question 38

How does malnutrition impact oral health?

Answer 38

Affects tooth size, formation, eruption, and caries susceptibility.

Question 39

What is the link between poor nutrition in infancy and oral health?

Answer 39

Linked to higher primary and permanent tooth decay.

Question 40

What are the risk factors for caries in infants?

Answer 40

Low parental education, poverty, no breastfeeding, poor diet, infrequent dental visits.

Question 41

How does a parent's oral hygiene affect infant oral health?

Answer 41

directly impacts infant oral health through bacterial transmission.

Question 41

How do parents transmit bacteria to infants?

Answer 41

Through sharing spoons, food bites, and cleaning pacifiers with their mouth.

Question 41

What oral health issues are associated with cleft lip and palate?

Answer 41

Feeding difficulties, dental abnormalities (missing, malformed, extra teeth).

Question 42

How can you prevent parent-to-infant bacterial transmission?

Answer 42

Wipe infant’s gums and teeth after feeding and avoid saliva-sharing behaviors.

Question 43

How should parents care for their infant's oral health daily?

Answer 43

Wipe the infant's mouth after feeding with a wet cloth and clean teeth with a soft toothbrush or cloth when they erupt.

Question 44

What bottle-feeding practices can help prevent early childhood caries?

Answer 44

Avoid giving bottles of milk/juice at bedtime and offer water at bedtime instead.

Question 45

When should parents transition their infant from bottles to cups?

Answer 45

Encourage the transition to cups as soon as possible.