Nutritional Requirements During Growth and Development and Eating Habits Affecting Oral Health Flashcards
What percentage of children at or below 200% of the Federal Poverty Level had a dental cleaning in 2007?
Only 30%.
What are the most common nutrient deficiencies in toddlers and preschoolers?
Iron, zinc, calcium, and vitamin D.
How do you calculate a child’s caloric needs?
1000 calories + 100 calories per year of life.
Why is it important to provide two food options to preschoolers?
It helps them feel in control of their choices.
What type of foods should be included at every meal for toddlers?
Finger foods.
How should meals and snacks be provided to toddlers?
Regularly, in small amounts, several times a day.
What should parents do if their child goes through a food jag?
Continue offering well-balanced meals and let the child choose.
How can choking be prevented in toddlers?
Supervise them while eating and avoid high-risk foods.
What are some foods that are choking hazards for toddlers?
Nuts, seeds, grapes, hot dogs, round candies, raw carrots, cookies, potato chips, peanut butter, raisins, tough meats.
At what age do children become independent in feeding themselves?
4 to 6 years old.
How can parents increase a preschooler’s acceptance of fruits and vegetables?
By cutting them into small pieces.
Do preschoolers prefer mixed foods or separate foods?
They prefer foods separate rather than mixed.
Why is it important for parents to model appropriate eating behaviors?
Children learn by example and are more likely to adopt healthy eating habits.
Why are snacks important for preschoolers?
They help ensure adequate nutrient intake.
What type of foods are more readily accepted by preschoolers?
Easy-to-chew foods.
How many exposures might a child need before accepting a new food?
8 to 15 exposures.
Give three examples of healthy snacks for children aged 1 to 6 years.
Sliced apples, carrots with dip, cheese cubes.
What percentage of children consume three servings of vegetables daily?
Only 22%.
Why might food habits and intake suffer in school-age children?
They do not take time for meals.
What types of snacks do school-age children prefer?
Bakery products, soft drinks, candy, and chips.
Why are calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D important for school-age children?
They support the development of permanent teeth.
When are comfort foods usually introduced?
During school-age years (7-12 years old).
How can food take on reward significance for children?
For example, saying, “If you finish your dinner, you can have dessert.”
How often do school-age children need to eat to maintain a steady glucose level?
Every 4 hours.
What influences children’s food choices at the School-Age Children (7-12 Years Old) stage?
Social media, advertising, and peer pressure.
How does distracted eating, like watching TV while eating, impact food choices?
It increases exposure to commercials for low-nutrient foods.
What are common foods consumed by school-age children?
Pre-packaged snacks and fast food.
What major physical changes occur during adolescence?
Growth of long bones, secondary sexual maturation, and fat/muscle deposition.
What nutrients are especially important for adolescents?
Calcium, vitamin D, and iron.
What percentage of girls aged 14-18 get the recommended daily amount of calcium?
Only 9%.
What percentage of boys aged 14-18 get the recommended daily amount of calcium?
31%.
Name some external factors that influence adolescent eating habits.
Family, peer pressure, mass media, economic and sociocultural factors, food independence, and orthodontics.
Name some internal factors that influence adolescent eating habits.
Hormones, body image, stress, food preferences, personal values, and skipping breakfast.
What are common food choices for adolescents?
Carbonated beverages, energy drinks, juice, fast food (pizza, hamburgers), chips, ice cream, and candy.
What percentage of an adolescent’s daily calories come from high-sugar, high-fat foods?
40%.
What are common eating habits among adolescents?
Frequent snacking, skipping meals, and reliance on convenience foods.
How can adolescents be counseled on better nutrition?
Emphasize short-term benefits
suggest healthy snacks and water
discuss sugary drinks and dental caries
encourage outdoor activity
address body image concerns.
