Nutritional Requirements Affecting Oral Health in Women & Infants Flashcards
What factors affect fetal development and oral health in pregnant women?
Prenatal weight gain, nutritional status, iron and folic acid levels, and unusual dietary patterns like pica.
How does inadequate nutritional intake affect pregnancy?
Low iron and folic acid can lead to premature births, stunted growth
Low Iron and calcium can cuase depletion of maternal stores, affecting infant health.
What foods should pregnant women avoid to prevent foodborne illness?
Raw/undercooked meats, poultry, eggs, fish, shellfish, unpasteurized dairy, raw sprouts, and limit caffeine. Alcohol should be avoided entirely.
What risks are associated with pica during pregnancy?
nutrient deficiencies
lead poisoning
excessive tooth wear
and is linked to lower socioeconomic status and poor nutritional health.
What are the risks of foodborne illnesses during pregnancy?
listeriosis can lead to miscarriage, stillbirth, or premature birth.
How does pregnancy affect oral health?
Hormonal changes increase susceptibility to gingivitis and periodontitis, and gastrointestinal issues like reflux can cause dental erosion. Xerostomia is also common.
Which nutrients are key for tooth development?
Vitamin C, Calcium, Magnesium, Phosphorus, and Vitamin D.
How does nutrient availability impact oral development?
It affects the genetic potential of teeth and can cause irreversible damage during dentin and enamel formation.
How does infection affect tooth development?
It disrupts calcium and phosphorus balance, hindering fetal tooth development.
What are common supplements recommended during pregnancy?
Prenatal multivitamins with folic acid
Iron supplementation, and additional supplementation for high-risk pregnancies.
What nutrients are needed in larger amounts during pregnancy?
Protein, Iron, Folate, Zinc, Iodine, and increased energy intake.
What are the energy needs during pregnancy?
No increase in the 1st trimester; additional 340 kcal/day in the 2nd trimester and 452 kcal/day in the 3rd trimester.
What nutrients are frequently inadequate during pregnancy?
Vitamin A, D, Calcium , Iron, Folic Acid, Niacin, and Kilocalories.
How much additional protein is needed during lactation?
25g/day (Total: 70g/day)
How many additional calories are required during lactation?
500 kcal/day
Which vitamins are needed in larger amounts during lactation?
Vitamin A, E, C, B6, B12, Riboflavin
Which minerals are needed in larger amounts during lactation?
Copper, Zinc, Iodine, Selenium
How much additional fluid is needed during lactation?
1000 mL/day (4 cups)
What is a common nutrient deficiency in vegan mothers during lactation?
Vitamin B12
How can a mother ensure adequate calcium and vitamin D intake during lactation?
Increase intake through dairy or fortified non-dairy products, consider supplements if needed.
What should mothers with postpartum anemia continue taking?
Iron supplements
What supplement is recommended for breastfed infants with low sun exposure?
Vitamin D
What type of supplements might mothers with dietary restrictions need?
Multivitamins
Which nutrients’ absorption is negatively affected by oral contraceptives (OCAs)?
Vitamin B6, B12, and Folate
