Nutritional Aspects of Alterations in the Oral Cavity Flashcards
What are common concerns with orthodontic appliances?
Displacement of brackets, loosening of cement, and bending of wires.
Why is plaque accumulation a concern with orthodontic appliances?
It requires specialized cleaning aids to prevent buildup.
How does frequent carbohydrate intake affect orthodontic patients?
It increases the risk of enamel demineralization.
What are the risks of orthodontic treatment?
Decalcification, erosion, gingival inflammation, alveolar bone loss, and periodontal ligament decline.
What dietary recommendations help prevent issues with braces?
Avoid simple carbohydrates, hard, and sticky foods
eat bite-sized portions
consume soft foods after adjustments
What foods should orthodontic patients avoid?
Popcorn, corn chips, nuts, ice, hard bread, pizza crust, peanut brittle, gum, soda, hard pretzels, corn on the cob, and sticky candy.
What should a patient do if a bracket comes loose or a wire is displaced?
Notify the caregiver or orthodontist and use orthodontic wax to cover irritation.
What are the goals for managing xerostomia?
Protect the oral cavity, treat conditions, and provide relief.
What food modifications help with xerostomia?
Eat moist foods with extra sauce, gravy, or butter.
What are some xerostomia-friendly habits?
Chew gum or suck xylitol-containing candy, sip water frequently, and rinse the mouth often.
How do new dentures affect taste?
Flavors may be masked by the denture.
What foods should be avoided with xerostomia?
Dry, crumbly, sticky, spicy foods, alcohol, and tobacco.
What eating habits help with new dentures?
Cut food into small pieces, chew evenly on both sides, take small bites, and chew slowly.
What are recommended foods for new denture wearers?
Soft foods like eggs, fish, cooked vegetables, and pudding.
What foods should be avoided with new dentures?
Sticky or very hard foods, and hot foods and drinks due to reduced temperature sensation.
Why are nutrient-dense calories important for wound healing?
Increased metabolic function requires them for recovery.
What nutrient is essential for tissue repair and making new tissue?
Protein.
Which vitamins assist in wound healing?
Vitamins A, C, and Zinc.
Which vitamins support the immune system?
Vitamins D and B Complex.
How does aging affect wound healing?
It slows healing and increases complications.
How can caloric intake be increased after surgery?
Consume nutrient-dense foods like Ensure or Sustacal.
What should be done pre-surgery for oral/maxillofacial and periodontal procedures?
Conduct a diet inventory to recommend suitable foods post-surgery.
How long should a soft food diet be followed after surgery?
3-4 days post-surgery.
What foods should be avoided in the first 3-5 days after surgery?
Spicy, salty, crunchy, hard, and excessively hot foods, as well as alcoholic beverages.
What oral health risks do diabetic patients face?
Halitosis, dental caries (gingival third), oral candidiasis, angular cheilitis, and periodontal disease.
What precautions should be taken after a tooth extraction?
Avoid straw use and smoking to prevent dry socket.
How should chewing be adjusted post-surgery?
Chew on the opposite side of the wound.
How can nutritional counseling help diabetic patients?
By analyzing their food diary for fermentable carbohydrates and encouraging cariostatic foods.
What can diabetic patients do to alleviate dry mouth?
Drink water or chew sugarless gum.
What health goals should diabetic patients maintain?
Goal hemoglobin A1C and daily blood glucose levels.
How often should diabetic patients have check-ups?
Regular check-ups with their primary care provider and dentist.
What are common oral complaints among cancer patients?
Xerostomia and mouth ulcerations.
What are side effects of cancer treatment?
Loss of appetite, constipation, nausea, difficulty swallowing, diarrhea, metallic taste, mouth ulcers, altered taste/smell.
How can cancer patients reduce metallic taste when eating?
Use plastic utensils.
What dietary recommendations help with oral discomfort?
Rinse mouth with baking soda/water, eat moist foods, chew sugar-free gum, avoid dry or crunchy foods, and use a straw.
What are examples of a short-term liquid diet?
Coffee, tea, bouillon, clear fruit juices, gelatin, electrolyte drinks, and nutrition shakes like Ensure/Premier Protein.
What are common oral issues for HIV/AIDS patients?
High-sucrose diet increases caries risk, oral candidiasis thrives on sugar, and medications cause nausea, xerostomia, and anorexia.
How can HIV/AIDS patients manage xerostomia?
Stay hydrated and consume moist foods.
What dietary recommendations help maintain energy levels?
Increase caloric intake with lean protein and eat soft, high-energy foods like pudding and milkshakes.
What are common nutritional considerations for individuals with developmental disorders?
Specialized diets (e.g., gluten- and casein-free for autism), common GI complaints, and limited food options in group homes.
How can GI complaints be managed?
Recommend easy-to-digest foods with probiotics, such as yogurt and pureed vegetables.
What is a simple dietary modification example?
Replace daily donuts with cereal and milk.
How should dietary recommendations be communicated to caregivers?
Simplify instructions and focus on small, realistic changes.
