Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Back up cards AAB > virus818 > Flashcards

virus818 Flashcards

1
Q

Virus:
-either dna or rna not both
-obligate intracellular parasite
-no cell wall, no ribosomes, no growth on media

Capsid: Protein coating genome; made of capsomer

Capsomer: structural protein units make up capsid

Nucelocapsid:
-Nucleic acid and capsid

Envelope:
outer membrane around capsid, aids in attachement to host

A

Virion:
mature virus particle with a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein coat, w/wout an envelope

Peplomer: spike protein

Bacteriophage, phage:
-virus that infects and replicates in bacteria/archaea
-proteins that encapsulate DNA/RNA, replicate in bacteria after injecting their genome in their cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Viral Diseases

Respiratory:
-flu,RSV, parainflu

Gastroenteritis
-noro, rota, adeno

Vesicles/lesions
-HSV, VZV/shingles

Cervical
-HPV

Meningitis
-HSV, entero

Immunocompromised
-CMV, EBV, HSV,

Hepatitis
-HAV, HBV, HCV

HIV

A

Coronavirus

1.)MERs
-arabian, camels
-respiratory failure from contact

SARS
-china, EIA/molecular

SARS-CoV2
-bat, china
-respiratory droplet
nasopharygeal swab
-RNA molecular and antigen assay
-Ab detection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Viral diagnostic

1.)Direct detection:
-electron microscope
-light miscrope for inclusion bodies
-Fluorescent microscope, DFA(ab detects ag)
-PCR/nucleic acid probes
-Antigen/EIA: flu, rsv, rotavirus

2.)Virus isolation
-animal inoculation
-embryonated egg inoculation
-shell vial centrifugation
-in vitro cell culture: CPE
-cytopathic effects
-rounding, swelling, shrinking of cells

3.)Serology
-sera a week apart, 4fold rise in IgG diagnostic of infection
-ELISA: HepB blood donor
-EBV (heterophile, Monospot)
-Hep (ab markers)
-HIV, HTLV

A

Cell culture:
-Primary: from animals, isolates most viruses
-Diploid/finite: can only use one type of cell culture,
-Continuous: malignat/Hep2, HSV, RSV, adeno

Collect: 3 to 7 days w/in onset symp, viral shedding highest in early infection, decreases a few days after acute symptoms

-aspiration of secretions best
-swabs dacron/rayon
-VTM: Hanks balanced salt sln w/antibiotics

4C if not w/in 1 hr

(not blood)
-60C if not w/in 24hrs

tranport on dry ice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the most common format for viral isolation?

A

Tube monolayer cell culture is the most common format for viral isolation. Tissue is minced and treated with an enzyme to disperse individual cells further. The cells are seeded onto a surface to form a monolayer in a tube or flask. Leukocyte culture, organ culture and laboratory animals are primarily reserved for specialized and research laboratories.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Three potential viroterrism agents

echo viruses called

A

ebola
small pox
hanta (RNA, rodents)

Enteric cytopathic human orphan virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cause of gastroenteritis kids winter

A

Rotavirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Infection can be reactivated with latent infection with

A

Herpesviridae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

two ways to inactivate viruses

A

10% bleach, 3-10min

2% glutaraldehydge, 1-10min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

DNA viruses

A

Adeno

HepB
Herpes 1/2

CMV
EBV
VZV

Parvo
Papillo (HPV)
Pox (small pox)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Herpes viruses are RNA or DNA?

name some

A

Herpes: DNA

HSV1/2,6/8

VZV
EBV
CMV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Hepadnavirus

A

Hep B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Papillomavirus

A

HPV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

HSV 1 is oral or genital

HSV 2 is oral or genital

A
  1. oral
  2. genital
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Common RNA

-Coronavirus
-Orthomyxovirus/flu ABC
-Picornavirus/Rhinovirus: cold

-Calicivirus/Noro: gastroenteritis in US
-Reovirus/Rotavirus gastroenterotis in kids

-Retrovirus: HIV, HTLV

-Hep A

-Paramyxo: Mumps/Measles, RSV kids

-Rhabdo/Rabies

A

…

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

orthomyxoviruses

A

flu a,b,c

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Flavi-viruses

A

Arbovirus, dengue, yellow
WN, St.luis

HCV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Rhabdoviruses

A

Rabies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Retro viruses

A

HIV, HTLV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Reovirus

A

Rotavirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Paramyxovirus mostly kids, elderly, immunocomp

A

Measures, mumps
Paraflue
RSV
HMPV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

PCR
Ligase chain reaction
strand displacement amp all are nucleic acid amplification teq

A

not flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Lipase chain reaction:
Nucleic acid amplification

A

The ligase chain reaction (LCR) is a method of DNA amplification. The ligase chain reaction (LCR) is an amplification process that differs from PCR in that it involves a thermostable ligase to join two probes or other molecules together which can then be amplified by standard polymerase chain reaction (PCR) cycling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Strand Displacement Amplification (SDA): Nucleic acid amp

A

Strand Displacement Amplification (SDA) is an isothermal, in vitro nucleic acid amplification technique

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Histoplasma, Crypto, Cocci, Blasto, Geotrichum all produce this kind of mycoses

A

systemic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Dermatophytes, Microsporus produces this kind of mycoses

A

cutaneous/skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Sporotrichum, Chromoblasto make this kind of mycoses

A

subcutaneous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Colorful bodies are found in which fungi

A

Chromoblastomycosis

28
Q

Fungus of skin/hair/nails seen under woods lamp

A

Dermatoophytes

29
Q

branching, intertwining of molds…

branching hyphae grows downwards from anchor…

A

branching, intertwining of molds…mycelium

branching hyphae grows downwards from anchor…rhizoids

30
Q

asexual stage of yeasts…

Asexual reproductive spore of fungi…

A

asexual stage of yeasts…
blastocondia

Asexual reproductive spore of fungi…conidia

31
Q

3 dermatophytes, cutaneous

A

microsporum
trichophyton
epidermophyton

32
Q

Dermatophyte

macroconidia:
thick walled, multi septate usually in kids

microconidia: few/absent, club

A

Microsporum
Micro, kids, macro

Canis: dog
Anthropophilic: humans

33
Q

Dermatophyte

Microconidia:
predominant

adults

A

Trichophyton
Adults, Only one of three with microconidia

34
Q

Dermatophyte

Macroconidia:
club shaped

Microconidia:
absent

A

Epidermophyton-club macro

35
Q

Fungi in water damaged areas, mycotoxins

A

Stachybotrys

36
Q

Fungi such as Rhizopus/Mucor, nonseptate, lid lifters

A

Mucormycosis

37
Q

Infective form of dimorphic fungi for lab

Best temp, days for mycology

A

hyphal which is the long branching w/nuclei

30C, 30 days

38
Q

Two ingridients used in Mycosel SDA

A

chloram-phenicol
cyclo-heximide

39
Q

BHIA…
For…

A

Brain Heart infused agar for fastidious fungi

40
Q

Germ tube+
Pseudohyphae +
Chlamydospores on cornmeal
thrush

A

Candida albicans

41
Q

Lung to brain, meningitis, systemic, capsule/mucoid
bird/bat droppings

Urea and birdseed agar used for

A

C.neoformans

42
Q

Trichoophyton that is ureas po and penetrates hair shaft

A

T.mentagrophyte

43
Q

Trichophyton that makes red pigment on dermatophyte medium

A

T. Rubrum

R=red

44
Q

Sclerotic bodies, subcutaneous
Colored

A

Chromoblastomycosis

45
Q

Systemic mycoses, true yeast
India ink prep, serology of CSF, HIV
wide refractive capsule

A

Cryto. neo

46
Q

Three fungi with yeast in tissue phase of humans

A

H.capsulatum
(blastospores, intracellular in phagocytes, tissue)

B.dermatitidis (Broad based)
-B for broad based

Coccidiodies immits
(thick walled spherule with endospores in tissue, keeps them alive in desert)

47
Q

dimorphic, intracellular mononuclear cells

yeast tissue phase
yeast blastospores

*Mycelial: thick walled tuberculate macrocondia

Darlings disease
Chix house,pidgeou coup

A

H.capsulatum

Capsulatum is a darling, she’s tuberculate w/chlamydospores and lives in phagocytes

48
Q

Yeast with thick walled spherule with endospores in tissue

Mycelial: Barrelshaped arthroconidia with alternating or spaces

Valley fever

A

Coccidioides immitis

49
Q

Dimorphic,

Yeast: cigar shaped
(tissue phase) at 37C,

Mold:
flower, rosette heads
Roses

Rose handlers disease, subcutaneous

A

S.schenkii

Schenckii the rose gardener smokes cigars while growing flowers of conidia

50
Q

dimorphic, broad based yeast, yeat in tissue

gilchrist disease
inhale conida/hyphal soil,wood,waterways

conidia at tips (lolipops)

A

Blastomyces dermatitidis

Gilchrist the farmer has dermatitidis and eats lollipops with broad yeast

51
Q

Latin american agriculture
Mariners wheel

dimorphic
Yeast mother surrounded by daughter buds
mycelial: lolipops

No NAT

A

Paracoccidioides
brasiliensis

There’s lollipop mold and mariners wheels in brasil

52
Q

San Jouqin valley fever, hot dry alkaline soil

lab hazard, inhale arthroconida

Yeast thick wall spherules endospores

Mycelial barrel shape arthroconida/empty spaces

sealed plates BSC 3
NAT

A

Coccidioides immitis

Cocci immitis lives in the valley where there’s barrels w/spaces and spheres with endospores

53
Q

ascospores

A

sexual propagules of ascomycetes

54
Q

blastoconidia

A

Yeast: asexual reproduction (budding)

55
Q

arthroconidia

A

fungal spore produced by segmentation of preexisting fungal hyphae

56
Q

chlamydospores

A

thick walled large resting spore, asexual

57
Q

Name of yeast for Tinea versicolor
Bottle shaped budding

A

Malassezia furfur

58
Q

Opportunistic infection in AIDs, can’t be cultured

A

Pneumocystis jiroveci

59
Q

Two lid lifters, lab contaminant, zygomycetes

A

Rhizopus
Mucor

60
Q

Farmers lung, Hyaline

A

aspergillus

61
Q

Fonsecaea and phialophora are two types of

A

Chromoblastomycosis

62
Q

Where does the fungal infection Onychomycosis occur?

a.
Blood

b.
Hair

c.
Nails

d.
Skin

A

Nails

Onychomycosis, which is infection of the nails, is most often caused by dermatophytes but also may be the result of infection by other fungi.

63
Q

What fungi can generally be divided into two broad groups based on the appearance of the colonies formed in the clinical laboratory?
Question 182Answer

a.
Cutaneous and subcutaneous

b.
Septate hyphae and aseptate hyphae

c.
Systemic and superficial

d.
Yeast and mold

A

Yeast and molds are the two groups’ fungi and are separated into based on colonies formed. Fungi can be further divided based on the infections produced and microscopic appearance. Yeasts form a smooth, creamy, bacteria-like colony. Molds have a fuzzy or woolly appearance due to formation of mycelia.

64
Q

What test depends on Candida albicans being able to produce hyphae-like extensions from their yeast cells when placed in 0.5 mL of sheep or rabbit serum and incubated at 35 °C for no longer than three hours?

A

Examine under low power magnification. This allows an early identification of the most common and important yeast pathogen. Time of incubation is critical since other species produce a similar looking tubule with extended incubation.

65
Q

Why are systemic mycoses historically grouped together?
Question 197Answer

a.
They are opportunistic and primarily occur in immunocompromised patients, such as HIV

b.
They are present in the keratinized tissue of humans and animals; identified as dermatophytes

c.
They occur in patients from the same geographic area

d.
They are shared characteristics, such as mode of transmission, dimorphism, and dissemination

A

They are shared characteristics, such as mode of transmission, dimorphism, and dissemination

Systemic mycoses are mostly caused by inhalation of the conidia, are dimorphic (able to grow in the mold form or in the lab in their yeast form) and disseminate to sites far removed from the portal of entry in a patient.

66
Q

Where are KOH solutions of 10 – 20% useful for the identification of fungi?
Question 200Answer

a.
Blood and body fluids

b.
Cerebrospinal fluid

c.
Feces, vomit, and saliva

d.
Skin, hair, and nails

A

Skin, hair, and nails are useful for the identification of fungi. Thin slices of tissue and mucoid specimens may be treated with a solution KOH to break down the proteinaceous material while leaving the fungal elements intact for identification.

Back up cards AAB (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions