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Back up cards AAB > BB1.28.24 > Flashcards

BB1.28.24 Flashcards

1
Q

Donor req:Min age…Min weight lbs/kg…Min temp C/F

A

Min age >= 16Weight min 110lbs/50kgTemp <=37.5/99.5F

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2
Q

Donor req:Blood pressure mmHg SystolicDiastolicPulse

A

90-180 Systolic50-100 DiastolicPulse 50-100

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3
Q

Donor hgb/hct M/F…allogenic donor…

A

allogenic 12.5g/dL/38% HCTFemales: >=12.5 hmg/>=38% hctMales:>=13.0 hmg/>=39% hct

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4
Q

1 yr defferal: due to/examples

A

exposure to hep, HIV, malaria-Hep B Immunoglobulin-After stopped treatment syphilllis/gonn-Transfusion-Tattoo-Living with/sex with person positive HBsAG/HBV NAAT/symptoms HCV-Mucous/skin penetration ->72hrs in jail

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5
Q

Interval between whole blood donations

A

2 mths(8 weeks)

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6
Q

How long deferral for…-Hep B Immunoglobulin-Transfusion-Tattoo-Living with/sex with person positive HBsAG/HBV NAAT/symptoms HCV-Mucous/skin penetration ->72hrs in jail

A

1yr

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7
Q

Indenfinite/permanent defferal

A

-Viral hep after age 11-Pos HBsAg/HBV NAAT-Repeat reactive anti-HBc/anti-HTLV-Infection HCT/HTLV/HIV or T.cruzi-drug use-Family history CJD/vCJD-Babesiosis-Human growth hormone

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8
Q

3 yr deferral for:

A

exposure to malaria-asymptomatic during visit to endemic area-previously diagnosed w/malaria

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9
Q

Defferal for how long? -Viral hep after age 11-Pos HBsAg/HBV NAAT-Repeat reactive anti-HBc/anti-HTLV-Infection HCT/HTLV/HIV or T.cruzi-drug use-Family history CJD/vCJD-Babesiosis

A

Indefinit/permanent

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10
Q

75 year old male with acute hepatitis 20 yrs ago (age 55) after surgery would be permantly deffered because

A

He got it after 11yrs of age

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11
Q

38 yr old male got rabies vaccine after a dog bite 3 mths ago would be deffered for

A

12mths after bitten

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12
Q

19yr old first time donor got human growth hormone 12 yrs ago would be defered

A

permaently

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13
Q

24yr old donor with pos test for hepC would be defered

A

permanently

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14
Q

Good for?ACD/CPD/CPD2IrradiatedCPDA-1Additives/Adsol

A

ACD/CPD/CPD2: 21daysIrradiated: 28daysCPDA-1: 35 daysAdditives/Adsol: 42 days

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15
Q

Autologous donationsAge limit?Hct/Hgb:Time needed to collect before surgery:

A

Age limit? NoneHct/Hgb: >=33%/11g/dLTime needed to collect before surgery: >72hrs

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16
Q

Rejuvenating Sln restores these two

A

2,3 DPGATP

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17
Q

Cytapheresis: PLTS, Grans, Leuko need to be spaced…days apartand no more than … in any … days

A

need to be spaced 2 days apartand no more than 2 in any 7 days period

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18
Q

After donate 2 units wait…must not decrease hct/hmg by…

A

for every 2 units 4mths (each unit 2mths,)hmg below 30%/10g/dL

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19
Q

1 unit packed RBCs raises hgb and hct by

A

Hmg 1g/dLHct 3%

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20
Q

Storing RBCs in fridge decreases plasma…

A

pH and sodium

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21
Q

Storing RBcs in fridge increases plasmsa…

A

NH4, K+

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22
Q

Washing cells prevents…Removes__ and __ Washed cells expire ___ after seal broken

A

allergic response to plasma proteins and anaphlyatic shock in IgA def PTsremoves anti-HPA-1a and complementexpires 24hrs after seal broken

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23
Q

Leukoreduced number of leukocytes/unit

A

<5x10*6 leuko/unit

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24
Q

Leukoreduced % red cell retained…Final WBC count…Prevents…

A

85% red cells<5x10*6 WBCprevents febrile NH, HLA alloimm, CMVdue to presence of cytokies from WBCs or alloimm from HLA/leu ag

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25
Q

Frozen/deglycerolized cells% glycerol…Expires, stored at…thawed at, then stored at/for… after deglycerolizing

A

40% glycerolExpires 10yrsstored at <=-65CThawed at 37, deglycerolizedThen stored at 1-6C for 24hrs

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26
Q

FFP:stored/expires…freeze w/in…thaw at..Store at… For up to…

A

stored <=-18C for 1yr or <=-65C for 7yrsfreeze w/in 8hrs of separation from cellsthaw at 30-37C up to 24hrsstore 1-6C

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27
Q

FFP is used for and has

A

coagulation defFactor 11

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28
Q

Cryo is made from…w/in…hrsthen thawed…which forms a…. …. …..it is separated, refrozen w/in….

A

FFP frozen w/in 8hrs then thawed 1-6C which forms a cold insoluble portion separated, refrozen w/in 1hr

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29
Q

Cryo is stored at…for…After thawing, store at…Transfuse w/in…-after thawing:-pooling open:-pooling closed:

A

<=-18C for 1yrRT after thawingTransfuse w/in 6hrs thaw4hrs pooling in open6hrs pooling in closed

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30
Q

PLTs/ApheresisLight spin removes…Heavy spin…Used for….pH needed…

A

Light spin removes red cellsHeavy spin spins down PLTs/WBCsUsed for thrombocytopenia and PLT dysfunctionph >=6.2

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31
Q

1 unit PLT raises PLT….1 apheresis raises PLT…

A

5-10,0000/uL20-60,000/uL

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32
Q

Granulocyte apheresis used for…can transmit/induce/cause….if not irridatedstore…for…w/out…

A

neutropenic patients w/gram neg sepsiscan transmit CMV, induce HLA imm, and cause GVHDstore 20-24C for 24hrs without agitation*ABO compatible

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33
Q

Irradiated prevents…

A

GVHDinactivates T cells due to donor lymps

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34
Q

Dolichos biflorus agglutinates…

A

A1

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35
Q

Ulex europaeus agglutinates

A

H

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36
Q

Bombay phenotype, type as…

A

Oh, hh lack Htype as O*Anti-H Ulex eurpaeus will not agglutinate Bombay but will O cells

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37
Q

Greatest amount of H to least…H gene codes for the enzyme…

A

O>A2>B>A2B>A1>A1B>OhL-fucosyltransferaseA1 has 5x more antigen than A2 this less H

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38
Q

R..r…

A

Dd

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39
Q

0 or nothing about C/E

A

ce

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40
Q

1 or ‘

A

C

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41
Q

2 or “

A

E

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42
Q

z or y

A

CE

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43
Q

R0 gene…ag?

A

Dce

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44
Q

R1 gene..ag?

A

DCe

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45
Q

R2 gene…ag?

A

DcE

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46
Q

Rz gene…ag?

A

DCE

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47
Q

r gene…ag?

A

ce

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48
Q

r’ gene…ag?

A

Ce

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49
Q

r” gene..ag?

A

cE

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50
Q

ry

A

CE

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51
Q

plasma ag absorb on RBCsDon’t cause HDFN, not on fetal cells

A

Lewis

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52
Q

Absent/weak on cordmostly adultsigM cold ab

A

I, anti-I

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53
Q

on infants

A

i

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54
Q

IgG autoab: Donath-Landsteiner biphasic/PCH

A

anti-P

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55
Q

Anti-P1typeneutralized by

A

IgM coldP1 sub hydatid cyst fluid

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56
Q

M/N, S/s are ….alleles

A

codominant

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57
Q

Anti-M/N type

A

IgMAnti-M can be IgG and cause HDFN

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58
Q

Anti-M/Ndosage?enzymes?HDFN?

A

Has dosagedoesn’t react/destroyed by enzymesDoes’t cause HDFNexcept with anti-M IgG

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59
Q

Anti-S/s type

A

IgG

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60
Q

Anti-U typeformed by…who lack…

A

IgGBlacks lack S,s,U

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61
Q

Jka/b type (kidd)enzymes?dosage?associated with?

A

IgGreact stronger w/enzymesshows dosageassociated with delayed transfussion rxn

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62
Q

Fya/btypeenzymes?dosage?

A

IgGnegative/destroyed by enzymesweak examples may show dosage

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63
Q

Fya-b-%/race

A

68% Blacks

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64
Q

increase ab uptake, allows decreased incubation

A

LISSlow ionic strength saline

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65
Q

Bromein, ficin, papain, tyrpsinremoves..promotes..

A

removes neg surface changepromotes cell agglutination

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66
Q

Ezymes increase reactivity of these 5 ab

A

ABO/RhKiddLewisIP1

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67
Q

Enzymes decrease/destroy these 3 systemsvariable in…

A

Fya, FybM,N,SLua/bvariable in s

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68
Q

shows dosage in 4 systems

A

M,N,S,sRhKiddDuffy (weak example of ab may show)

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69
Q

3 Absent ag on cord cells

A

ILewisSda

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70
Q

Anti-I, H, P1M,NLea/Lebtemp, media, class

A

4-22CSalineIgM

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71
Q

Rh ab temp, media, class*exception

A

37C, Liss/Albumin, IgG*IgM cold ag/reacting at higher thermal range

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72
Q

IgG reacting at 37, AHG

A

Anti…RhKellDuffyKidd*some M

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73
Q

IgM reacting at 4-22, saline

A

Anti…I, H, P1M,NLea,Leb

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74
Q

Cold Hemmaglutinin Disease and Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria both have what protein coating their RBCs

A

complement

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75
Q

Drug induced HA (DIHA) and Warm AutoAb (WAIHA) both can have what proteins coating their red cells?

A

IgG and/or complement

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76
Q

Mixed type AIHA has what proteins coating red cell?

A

IgG and complement

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77
Q

Type of protein covering cells in HDN and trans rxn

A

IgG

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78
Q

Universal donor forRBC and plamsa

A

RBC: OnegPlasma: AB

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79
Q

Universal recipient RBC and plasma

A

RBC: ABPlasma: O

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80
Q

Transfusion related,Acute respiratory insuff/pulmonary edemaHypotensionAb to donor plasma to neutrophils/HLA ag

A

Trans related acute lung injuryTRALI

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81
Q

Transfusion associated,Pulmonary edema w/hypertensionPTs >70/infants

A

Transfusion associated circulatory overloadTACO

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82
Q

Allergic rxn mildab type, symptoms

A

IgEMild-urticarial hives/itching

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83
Q

Allergic rx severe called, type, cells preferred

A

classic anaphylaxisIgA def PTwashed cells

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84
Q

2F rise w/in 1 hr

A

febrile rxn

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85
Q

Condition where transfused Immunocompetent lymph attach recipientand HLA ag are different

A

TA-GVHDtransfusion associatedgraft vs host disease

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86
Q

Conditon where there’s shaking, hypotension and occurs with PLTs

A

Transfusion related sepsis

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87
Q

Critical titer for most ab at AHG

A

16

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88
Q

Critical titer for anti-K at AHG

A

8

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89
Q

Used to establish severity of HDFN

A

ultra sound and color Doppler ultrasonography

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90
Q

Purpose of exchange transfusion

A

reduces bilirubin and removes maternal ab

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91
Q

Antepartum Rh imm glob given…wks to…

A

28weeks to Dneg women

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92
Q

Postpartum Rh immglob given …hrs to women who deliver..

A

w/in 72hrs to Dneg women who deliver Rhpos infant

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93
Q

Test used to determine how much Rh Imm Glob to useIs positive when…

A

Kleihauer-Betkefetal cells resist acid elution, appear pink

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94
Q

self/non self2 classestransplantssusceptibility of diseases, paretange testingchromosome 6

A

HLA human leukocyte antigens, glycoproteins on cells

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95
Q

Class I genes

A

HLA-A,B,Cfor the antigens A,B,C

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96
Q

Class II genes

A

HLA-DP, DQ, DR

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97
Q

Serological/viral tests required by AABB

A

syphillis/RPRanti-HIV/RNA HIVanti-HTLV 1/2anti-HCVHBsAg, HBV DNAT.cruziBabesia RNA/DNAWNV/Zika RNA

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98
Q

Order of Hepatitis B ag/ab

A

1.)HBsAg early acute2.)HBeAg3.)anti-HBc early recovery, window 4.)anti-HBe5.)anti-HBs recovery

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99
Q

Screen for HIVviral markers for HIV

A

screen: ELISAviral: anti-HIV 1/2anti-HTLV 1/2a distant relative of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

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100
Q

3 bacteria contaminants of blood products

A

Y.e. (Yersinia enterocolitica)C.f.(Citrobacter freundii)P.p.(Pseudomonas putida)

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101
Q

3 parasites transmitted by blood transfusion

A

BabesiaMalaria/PlasmodiumTrypanosoma

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102
Q

What is…a group of 9 plasma proteins, causes hemolysis of red cells, actived by IgG/IgM

A

complement

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103
Q

Enzyme A gene codes for…immunodominant sugar…

A

alpha-3-N-acetylgalacN-acetyl-D-galactosamine

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104
Q

Enzyme B gene codes for…immunodominant sugar…

A

alpha-3-D-galacD-galactose

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105
Q

Frequency of ABO greatest to least

A

O>A>B>AB

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106
Q

O antigen on cell..ab in serum..geno type…

A

Hanti-A,B,A1BOO

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107
Q

Aantigen on cell, ab in serum, genotype

A

A, anti-BAO, AA

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108
Q

B antigen on cell, ab in serum, genotype

A

B, anti-ABO, BB

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109
Q

AB antigen on cell, ab in serum, genotype

A

AB, no abAB, cis-AB

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110
Q

O can results from what genotype and why

A

OOO is a amorph/autorecessivehave to get from both parents to show*chromosome 9

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111
Q

What antigen is…a variant, tested at 37/AHG, can be neg/weak

A

Weak D/Du

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112
Q

f and Cw is part of what blood grp

A

Rh

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113
Q

U is part of what blood grp

A

MNSs

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114
Q

Tja is part of what blood grp

A

P system, PP1PK

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115
Q

Which antibody…mostly IgM, netraulized by Lewis subs, doesn’t cause HDFM

A

anti-Lea

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116
Q

How many people have D on their cells?

A

85%

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117
Q

which ab/ag…IgG, caused by transfusion, is the 2nd most potent antigen(next to D)

A

Kell

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118
Q

How many people have K antigen

A

9%

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119
Q

Cellano antigen can produce

A

anti-k

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120
Q

How many have k on cells?

A

99%as opposed to K, 9%

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121
Q

Little versions of antigens are more prevalant on cells than the big versions

A

C 68, c 80E 29, e 98K 9, k 99S 55, s 89

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122
Q

Fy a-b- resistant to two kinds of malarial species

A

P. vivax, P.Knowlesi

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123
Q

How many what are the names of the antigens does Kidd blood grp have

A

Jka, Jkb, Jk3

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124
Q

Which antigen…is poorly developed on cord cells, pos in adults, reacts strong at 4C/RT, not seen in whites, cold agg strongly attracted to, binds complement

A

I

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125
Q

Cold agg disease to which antigen and is a and is caused by which organism

A

anti-Icold ab (IgM)M.pneumoniae

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126
Q

Infectious mono caused by which antibody

A

anti-i

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127
Q

AB frequency

A

4%

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128
Q

PT red cells direct commbs pos, bacterial contaminant reagents, penicillin/cephalothin,methydopa, quinidine and complement fixation cause DAT to be…

A

positive

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129
Q

inadequate washing of cells cause false…DAT

A

negative

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130
Q

Which tests help diagnose HDN, HTR, AHA

A

DAT

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131
Q

Which enzyme…has phosphate buffered saline and glycineenhances speed/sensitivitydecreases electropos cations

A

LISS

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132
Q

Type of HDFNincreased spherocytesDAT weak/negdelayed jaundice1st prego

A

ABO

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133
Q

Type HDFNincreased retics DAT posbilirubinnot 1st prego

A

Rh

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134
Q

Pulse for donor

A

50-100

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135
Q

Blood pressure for donor

A

90-180/50-100

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136
Q

Color label O

A

BlueO likes A, blue

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137
Q

Color label B

A

PinkB becomes pink

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138
Q

Color label AB

A

Black, grey, white

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139
Q

Donor label A

A

Yellowswitches with B

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140
Q

Deferral for MMR, typhoid oral, yellow fever

A

2 weeks

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141
Q

Deferral German measles, chicken pox

A

4 weeks

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142
Q

Deferral West Nile

A

28 days

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143
Q

Cells that present foreign material to lymphs, initiating immune responseLarge, specialized cells in the immune system that recognize, engulf and destroy infecting or damaged cells.

A

Macrophages

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144
Q

Cells involved in intracellular, cellular immunity

A

Tcells

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145
Q

Which cells recognize/interact with antigen and make cytokines that activate other cells such as Bcells/T cytotoxic

A

T helper

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146
Q

Cells involved in extracellular, humoral immuniity

A

Bcells

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147
Q

Response with lag phase of 7-14 days before ab is deteced, IgM to IgG

A

Primary

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148
Q

Made by T helper cells that are signals between cells, regulate intensity of a rxn, initiate inflammation, cause fever, and stimulate BM to make more cells

A

Cytokines

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149
Q

response with 1-2 days before sig amt ab made, IgG, 1000x more ab then slow decline

A

Secondary

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150
Q

strength of binding between single ab and epitope of agThe strength of the interaction between the antigen-binding site (paratope) on an antibody and the epitope on an antigen

A

affinity

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151
Q

overall strength between epitopes and absRepresents the overall strength of the antibody-antigen interaction and is influenced by three factors – the binding affinity, valency, and the structural arrangement of the antibody and antigen in question.

A

avidity

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152
Q

Testing with in vivo sensitization of red cells, happens in PT, cells must be washed

A

DAT

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153
Q

Testing with in vitro sensitization, 2 steps, serum incubated, washed

A

IAT

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154
Q

3 potentiators that decrease zeta potential

A

LISS, BSA/albumin, proteolytic enzymes

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155
Q

1 potentiator that increases concentration of ab

A

PEG

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156
Q

Commb check cells, screening cells and panel cells are type…

A

O

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157
Q

Cells that are IgG sensitized cells, used to confirm addition of AHG

A

Commbs check cells

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158
Q

Plants lectin is made from seeds of..that agglutinate A1 cells

A

Dolichos biflorus

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159
Q

lectin is used to demonstrate the presence and strength of expression of the H and A2 antigen…

A

Ulex europaeus

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160
Q

Kind of gel used in Gel technique for BB that traps agglutinated red cells

A

dextran acrylamide gel

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161
Q

In gel, no rxn is…positive rxn is…

A

no: solid button on bottomrxn: agg cells on top

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162
Q

In microplate/solid phase, …is coated on bottom of well, serum is added wit indicator cells.what is pos..what is neg…

A

pos: bottom coated with cells/coveredneg: button

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163
Q

Blood group system where antigen isn’t directly produced by the gene; gene makes something that put ag on red cell; ag is in fluid and gene transfers carb on that red cell

A

ABO

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164
Q

ABO/H are on these 6 things

A

red cells, lymphs, PLTsepis, endothelial, organs

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165
Q

ABO from most frequency to least

A

O>A>B>AB

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166
Q

Need … on red cells to express A or B ag

A

H

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167
Q

A gene makes

A

N-acetly galac(galactosaminyl transferase)

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168
Q

B gene makes

A

D-galac(galactosyl transferase)

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169
Q

Which ABO has most H substance…Which has the least…

A

Most: OLeast: A1B

170
Q

A2 has more or less H than A1

A

A2>A1A1 has 5x more A antigen than A2

171
Q

Order of ABO from most to least amt H

A

O>A2>B>A2B>A1>A1B

172
Q

80% of group A have subtype20% have subtype

A

A1: 80%A2:20%

173
Q

Subtype of A which MF rxn with antiA, anti A,B, seen in 1:1000

A

A3

174
Q

Subtype A mistaken for O, weak rxn

A

Ax

175
Q

In ABO, A and B are

A

codominantwhen inherited both are expressed

176
Q

O gene is…Must inherit … to express

A

recessiveinherit 2 O’s from each parent, HH,Hh

177
Q

System naturall occuring, usually IgM, non RBC stimulated, stimulated by bacteria when born

A

ABO

178
Q

In reverse typing extra rxns could be caused by 3 things

A

rouleauxA subgrpcold allo/auto

179
Q

In reverse typing, missing/weak rxn could be caused by

A

newborn, elderlyHPC transplant

180
Q

In forward rxn, extra rxn could be caused by

A

Roleux, polyaggAcquired B, B(A)

181
Q

In forward rxn, missing/weak rxn could be caused this

A

ABO subgroup

182
Q

In forward rxn, MF could be due to these 3

A

transfusionHPC transplantsubgrop A, A3

183
Q

Most immunogenic…2nd most immunogenic…3rd most immunogenic..

A

ABORh/DKell

184
Q

Nomenclature that Rh ag is inherited as a gene complex coding for 3 closely related linked set of alleles

A

Fisher Race

185
Q

Nomenclature where theres one gene for expression of all Rh ag on cells, accounts for lack of d ag

A

Weiner Rh-Hr

186
Q

Numeric terminology with ISBT# not based on genetics; computerized data entry

A

Rosenfeld

187
Q

Weiner:R^0 to fisher

A

Dce

188
Q

R^1 to fisher

A

DCe

189
Q

R^2 to fisher

A

DcE

190
Q

R^Z to fisher

A

DCE

191
Q

r to fisher

A

dce

192
Q

r’ to fisher

A

dCe

193
Q

r’’ to fisher

A

dcE

194
Q

r^y to fisher

A

dCE

195
Q

Rh antibodies:Ig..temp…shows…can cause….

A

IgG37Cshows dosagecan cause HDFN

196
Q

Second most immunogenic to D

A

Kell

197
Q

KellIg…temp…enzymes?HTR/HDN?

A

IgG37Fnot affected by enzymescan cause HTR,HDN

198
Q

cellano is…is…frequency…%

A

khigh, 99.8%

199
Q

Kell is…frequencythus common to see…

A

lowcommon to see antibodies if been exposed

200
Q

Kpa, Jsa are …frequencyKpb, Jsb are…frequency

A

Kpa/Jsa: low Kpb/Jsb: high

201
Q

Kx neg is called…seen in…because it’s.. …

A

Mcleod phenotypemales (xlinked)

202
Q

Duffy:Ig..temp..HTR/HDN?

A

IgG37FHTR/HDN

203
Q

Duffy…enzymes?dosage?

A

destroyed by enzymesdosage

204
Q

Fya+b+ seen in …% of…Fya-b- seen in…% of …

A

49% whites68% blacks

205
Q

Fya-b- resistance to these two malarial species

A

vivax, knowlesi

206
Q

Antibody that is IgG, 37C, binds complement, and seen in severve delayed transfusion rxn

A

Kidd

207
Q

Oral temp not exceedC, F

A

37.5C99.5F

208
Q

Min hmg allogenic donorMin hct allogenic donor

A

12.5 g/dL for allogenic38%

209
Q

Donor age

A

> 16

210
Q

Donor pulse

A

50-100

211
Q

donor weight lb,kg

A

> = 110>=50kg

212
Q

BP

A

90-180/50-100

213
Q

Pregnant woman deffered

A

6weeks postpartum/after birth

214
Q

defereal Hep b vaccine

A

21 days

215
Q

possible exposure to hepatitis/HIV/malaria defferalblood trans, tatto, sex with someone with hepatitis

A

12mths/1yr

216
Q

Possible exposure to malaria, history of malaria defereal

A

3yrs after stoopped treatment

217
Q

Pos TB skin, meets all other criteria, deferal

A

no

218
Q

Viral hep after age 11, defereal

A

perm

219
Q

incarcerated deferal >72hs

A

1 yr

220
Q

deferal symptom free after immunozied oral polio, mumbs

A

2 weeks

221
Q

Babesisois CJDT.cruzi all defered

A

poermanent

222
Q

Donor blood must be tested for these 5

A

sysphillisantiHIV, antiHTLVantiHCVHBV stuff

223
Q

Optional, not req testing these two…although second question says its required

A

antiHBcantiHAV

224
Q

Color coding for blood labelsABOAB

A

A=yellowB=pinkO=blueAB=black/grey/white

225
Q

Only marker of HBV in window period

A

antiHBc IgM

226
Q

chronic carrier Hep B is when PT serum is positive for… forr at least…

A

HBsAg6mths min

227
Q

Majority of most transfusion associated Hepatitis is from

A

HCV

228
Q

3 markers req for viral testing HIV1 marker not req

A

3 req:antiHIV 1, 2anti HTLV I/II1 not req: HIV1 p24ag

229
Q

BB fridege temp…transport of blood temp..PLTs/RT…

A

BB fridge 1-6Ctransport blood 1-10CPLT/RT 20-24C

230
Q

Deferral for visitor/immigrant from endemic area for malaria

A

3yrs

231
Q

Deferral for travel to endemic area for malaria

A

1 yr

232
Q

Deferral after treatment of syphilis and gonnorhea

A

12mths after cessation of treatment

233
Q

All donor blood tested for…

A

-ABO, Rh (not full pheno)-ab screen-serological syphilis/RPR-serological T.cruzi-HepB, C-HIV, HTL-WN,Zika

234
Q

3 req viral hepatitis markers

A

HBsAgantiHBcanti-HCV

235
Q

Early acute, viremic phase of Hepatitis what marker

A

HBsAg

236
Q

Shortest to longest expiration date of 3 main types of anticoagulant/additives

A

-ACD/CPD/CPD-2: 21 days-CPDA-1: 35 days, longer with extra adenine -Additives/ADSOL: 42 days

237
Q

All RBCs: leuko reduced, aphresis stored at

A

1-6C

238
Q

Frozen RBCs 40% glycerol stored at…for…

A

-65C for 10yrs-Less glycerol needs colder -once deglycerolized 24hrs

239
Q

FFP and Cryo stored at…for…

A

<=-18C for 1yr

240
Q

Platelets: closed, open pooled, leuko reduced stored at…with…Unless open, good for…

A

20-24C with constant agitation5 daysOpened 4hrs

241
Q

NH4, K… During storage of plasma

A

Increase

242
Q

pH, Na, 2-3 DPG… During storage of plasma in fridge

A

Decrease

243
Q

Autologous reqs:Hct/Hmg…No…Age?Collect at least…hrs B4 surgery/trans

A

> =33%/11g/dLNo bacteremiaNo age req >72hrs B4

244
Q

Only testing req for autologous

A

ABO/Rh

245
Q

WBC separated by reversible filtration/centrifugation

A

Leukapheresis

246
Q

Withdrawal of Blood, keep plasma, return RBC

A

Plasmapheresis

247
Q

How long after donating a unit of whole blood does it take for PLTs to replenish enough to do plateletpheresis?

A

72hrs

248
Q

How long after plasmapheresis does it take for plasma to replenish for being able to donate whole blood?

A

48hrs

249
Q

If you donate plasmapheresis more than once every 2 months, what to you check at 4mth intervals?

A

TP

250
Q

Codes for things; Made of DNA; hereditary info on a chromosome

A

Gene

251
Q

Genes that occupy a specific locus/site on a chromosome

A

Allelles

252
Q

Group of genes, inherited together from a single parent

A

Haplotype

253
Q

Occur in different forms, genetic variation

A

Polymorphic

254
Q

Gene with no directly observable product, doesn’t code for any functional protein…Example of an amorph gene…

A

AmorphO Gene, doesn’t code for an enzyme, just has H

255
Q

2 diff alleles of a particular gene

A

Heterozygous

256
Q

2 identical genes at a locus;2 identical alleles on both homologous chromosomes

A

Homozygous

257
Q

Term where both alleles are expressed at the same time..

A

Codominant

258
Q

Most blood group genes are…Ie.AB has both alleles expressed at the same time, one allele one B allelle

A

Codominant

259
Q

Organism with cells with more than one distinct genotype

A

Chimerism

260
Q

Term where variant expresses more strongly

A

Dominant

261
Q

Term that’s overruled by dominant, needs two…alleles

A

Recessive

262
Q

Genes carried on a sex chromosome

A

Sex linked

263
Q

Gene inheritance of most blood group systems.Inheritance that refers to two alleles of an autosomal gene where each allele contributes to the phenotype.

A

Autosomal codominant“Autosomal” means that the gene in question is located on one of the numbered, or non-sex, chromosomes.

264
Q

Antibodies made after exposed to foreign antigens simulated by transfusion or pregnancy

A

Alloantibodies

265
Q

the immune response occurring on the first exposure to an antigen, with specific antibodies appearing in the blood after a multiple day latent period

A

primary response

266
Q

Days to till primary response occurs

A

7-14

267
Q

Same foreign ag, rapid increase in abthe immune response occurring on second and subsequent exposures to an antigen, with a stronger response to a lesser amount of antigen, and a shorter lag time compared to the primary immune response

A

secondary response,Anamnestic

268
Q

Type off immunity passed thru placenta to fetus from Mom

A

Naturally acquired passive immunity

269
Q

H Gene codes for enzyme

A

L-fucosyltransferase

270
Q

Kell, Duffy, Kidd:red cell stimulated?Ig..Which one enhanced by enzmes?

A

red cell stimulatedIgGKidd enhanced by enzymes

271
Q

M/N:Ig..optimal temp…enzymes…dosage…pH…

A

IgMbut optimal 37Cdestroyed by enzymesdosageph6.5

272
Q

Nf caused by

A

formadehyde

273
Q

S,s,U:Ig..temp…ezymes..dosage…

A

IgG37Cdestroyed by enzymesdosage

274
Q

U present if…or…presentU neg means, S/s…seen in…U is ficin…

A

S,sU neg means S/s negseen in blacksU is ficin resistant as compared to S/s

275
Q

Luteran antibody that can be present without red cell stimulation, is both IgM/G but best at RTAlso MF rxns and can cause mild HDFN

A

anti Lua

276
Q

Luteran that is high frequency, rare antibody; IgG, MF

A

anti Lub

277
Q

Lewis:Ig..temp…ezymes…

A

IgMRTenzymes increase

278
Q

Antigens that are made by tissue cells that are secreted into BFs then adsorbed onto red cell membranej

A

Lewis

279
Q

Three genes Lewis is affected by

A

H, Le, Se

280
Q

Le sese H, what is in secretion

A

Lea

281
Q

Le Se H, what is in secretion

A

Lea, Leb, H

282
Q

lele sese H, what in secretion

A

none

283
Q

lele Se H, secretion

A

H

284
Q

Le sese hh, secretions

A

Lea

285
Q

Le Se hh, secretions

A

Lea

286
Q

lele sese hh, secretions

A

none

287
Q

lele Se hh, secretions

A

none

288
Q

Sese Hh AO what soluble antigens in saliva

A

A, H

289
Q

MF reaction with anti A, neg rxn with antiA1 lectin which subgroup

A

A3

290
Q

Bombay type as…are…they don’t have these 3 antigens and will produce these 3 antibodies

A

type as O, Ohno A,B,H so will make anti-A,B,H

291
Q

Frequency of ABO most to least for Whites/USO..A…B..AB..

A

O: 46A: 41B: 9AB: 4

292
Q

Forward type: antiA 3+, antiB 3+Reverse type: A1 2+, B 0

A

A2B perosn with A1not as strong with antiseraA2 make A1 antibodies

293
Q

Genotype needed to have O phenotype

A

OO

294
Q

Heterozygous Group A is..Heterozygous Group B is…What would phenotype of offspring be…

A

Hetero A: AOHetero B: BOUse Punnett square to get:A,B, AB, O

295
Q

Group O mom and Group AB dad, probability of making A baby?

A

Use punnett,AO,AO, BO,BO50%

296
Q

Rh antibodies:Ig..temp…acquired from…or…can cause…

A

IgG37Cacquired from transfusion/pregnancycan cause HDFN

297
Q

amorph Rh antigen

A

d

298
Q

antibodies formed by R1R1

A

Fisher: DCe/DCeantibodies to c, E

299
Q

Most immunogenic Rh antigen

A

D

300
Q

Variant of D antigen that is inherited, common in blacks and is considered Rhpos

A

Weak D

301
Q

Weak D alternate name…Initial testing appears…or … ….temp…Phase..

A

Dunegative, weakly reactiveTest at 37, AHG

302
Q

Most common Rh neg genotype

A

cde/cde

303
Q

Name of phenotype in absense of Rh antigen

A

Rh null

304
Q

IgM, best in saline, best at 4C all are indicative of what kind of ab

A

naturally occuring

305
Q

antiA/B, antiM/N, antiLea, antiP1 are all

A

naturally occuring

306
Q

IgG, in AHG, cross the placenta all are characteristics of what kind of ab

A

immune ab

307
Q

% range of people that get immunized to blood group antigens

A

1-4%

308
Q

U is part of what system

A

MNSs

309
Q

Cw and f are part of what system

A

Rh

310
Q

Tja is part of what system

A

P

311
Q

Anti N will react most strongly with what genotype

A

NNdue to dosage

312
Q

Antigen in plasma and adsorbed onto red cells

A

Lea

313
Q

Paroxymal cold hemoglobinuria ass with

A

anti P

314
Q

Lele Sese Hh AB, what solube antigens in saliva

A

Lea, Leb, H, A, B

315
Q

antibody in Le a-b-, IgM, netraulized by lewis substance

A

anti Lea

316
Q

True or False, Lea causes HDFN

A

false

317
Q

3 systems destroyed by enzymes

A

MNSFya/bLua/b

318
Q

5 systems enhanced by enyzmes

A

Kidd, RhLewis, I, P1

319
Q

anti-Lua:temp…medium…rxn…HDN?

A

RTsalineMFno HDN

320
Q

% lack K ag

A

91%

321
Q

of ten units, how many will be incompatible/ not antigen neg for K?

A

1/10% incompatible, 90% compantibility since 90% don’t have K antigen

322
Q

cellano antigen stimulates this ab

A

anti k

323
Q

anti Fya:enzymes

A

destroyed, prevents detection of

324
Q

Most common of duffy antibodies

A

anti Fya

325
Q

Antigen poorley developed on cord cells, on adult cells

A

I

326
Q

cold autoantibody in cold hemagglutin disease and mycoplasma pneumoniae

A

anti I

327
Q

cold, IgM ab to infectious mononulceosis and lymphoproliferative disease

A

anti i

328
Q

P1, Ig…P, Ig…

A

P1, IgMP, IgG

329
Q

Which antigen can be neutralized by hydatid cyst liquid to reveal underlying ab

A

P1

330
Q

P1:Ig…enzymes..

A

IgM, coldenyzmes enhance

331
Q

Donath-Landsteiner ab, biphasic…

A

autoanti P

332
Q

PCH, Paroxysmal cold Hmguria seen with kids w/viral infection, adults with syphilis…

A

autoanti P

333
Q

null p phenotype…two namesrare but very…causes….

A

anti=PP1Pk, Tjavery hemolytic, causes miscarrages

334
Q

LISS:2 positive2 negatives

A

sensitive, fasterbut enhances cold auto and can miss k,E

335
Q

BSA/albuminpositivenegative

A

doesn’t enhance warm autobut needs longer incubation

336
Q

PEGpositivenegative

A

eliminates reactivity of Duffy,MNS agbut enhances cold/warm auto

337
Q

If have multiple ab can use… to eliminate/enhance

A

enzymes

338
Q

If <3 mths since last transfusion,…will be inaccurate due to donor cells inside circulation (RBCs live 120days/3mths)

A

phenotype

339
Q

Cause of all cells on panel are positive with the same rxn strength

A

high frequency ag

340
Q

Cause of panel cells all reacting with diff reactivities…rememdy…

A

cold allo, prewarm

341
Q

Pos AC, do a…can use …cells to help id cold abcan use…/… to help ensure absence of underlying ab

A

DATcan use cord cells to id cold abelution/adsorption

342
Q

Pos DAT, … or … coated in….Need to…or else with be negativePos ass w/immune mediated…

A

IgG, complement in vivowashhemolysis

343
Q

Auto/allo ab, drug induced ab, passenger lymphs, non-ab immunoglobulin all can cause… ….

A

pos DAT

344
Q

Used to remove ab from sensitized cell…Type…

A

elutioncold acid eluate

345
Q

Autoimmune, drug induced and alloimune are all types of… …

A

extravascularhemolytic anemia

346
Q

Type of crossmatch where use donor serum with PT blood to test for compatibility

A

minor xmatch

347
Q

Type of crossmatch where you use POT serum with donor blood to test for compatibility, two names

A

major, serological

348
Q

These 4 govern xmatch

A

AABB, FDACAP, Joint

349
Q

Computer xmatch does the final ….check after two diff blood types are done/on file/ab screen neg

A

ABO check

350
Q

Incompatible xmatch due to three…most common reason…

A

low freq agpos DAT in donor(most common)at IS: ABO issue

351
Q

Term when products totally exchange PTs blood in 24hrs, about 10-12units

A

massive transfusion

352
Q

HIV has window period of …to… days before ag detected

A

22-25days

353
Q

HTLV:1 related to…2 related to…

A

1: T cell leukemia2: hairy cell leukemia

354
Q

2 things increased in blood at 1-6C

A

plasma hmg, K

355
Q

5 things decreased in blood at 1-6C

A

viable cellspHATP, 2-3 DPGplasma Na

356
Q

CPD means…shelf life

A

citrate phosphate dextrose, 21 days

357
Q

CPDA means..shelf life

A

citrate phosphate dextrose plus adenine, 35 days

358
Q

AS means…shelf life

A

additive sln, 42 days

359
Q

Light spin removes…Hard spin removes…and…PLTs left to rest 1hr before agitating RT up to 5 days

A

light removes RBCshard removes plasma, PLTS

360
Q

To be fresh (FFP) need to freeze within…hrs, stored at…for…

A

8hrs, -18C, 1 yr

361
Q

Cryo is made from…It’s frozen then thawed at…white precipitate forms, then spun at heavy spin and….

A

made from FFPthawed at 1-6expressed off and refrozen

362
Q

Blood product used to reduce adverse trans rxn; filtered to reduce leukocytes, reduces CMV<5,000/unit

A

leukoreduced

363
Q

Product where red cells are collected, fluid given back, sometimes with saline

A

Apheresis RBC

364
Q

In apheresis RBC, you can get …allogenic or autologous units per donorThis can be done every…mths

A

2 units/donorevery 4mths

365
Q

Product used for rare blood types; add glycerol and frozen; removed with saline washes

A

frozen RBC

366
Q

Product where DNA in Tcells is broken down to not further divide; prevent GVHD

A

Irradiated RBC

367
Q

Product to raise PLTS, control bleeding, cancer w/chemocells live 3 days thus require many transfusions

A

PLTS

368
Q

Product with coag factors to coag def, mass transfusion issues, anticoagulant therapy issues, surgery

A

FFP

369
Q

Product with concentrated coag factors used for surgery

A

cryo

370
Q

Cryo has these three factors

A

vWF, fibrinogen, F8

371
Q

Product given to neutropenic, lack response to antibiotics

A

granulocytes

372
Q

Storage of blood products should be monitored every……thermometer

A

4hrsNIST

373
Q

When administering product:check patient first…then every…must be transfused w/in…

A

check for 15minthen every 30mintransfuse w/in 4hrs

374
Q

Rxn where ab+ag activate complement, coagulation, mono/phago, cytokines and cause shock/renal issues

A

HTRhemolytic transfusion rxn

375
Q

Acute hemolytic trans rxn where ag/ab complex initiate coag/fibrinolytic systems;all clotting factors and PLTs get used up and there’s uncontrolled bleeding

A

DIC

376
Q

Rapid onset, usually ABO caused is termed

A

acute

377
Q

Blood exposed to temps <0->50C, improper thawing of frozen, small needle, saline not used, and bacteria all can cause

A

nonimmune red cell destruction

378
Q

Rxn where there’s no hemolysis; caused by ab to HLA/granulocytes/PLT ag

A

immuno mediated nonhemolytic

379
Q

Rxn with urticarial or anaphylactic; IgA def

A

allergic trans rxn

380
Q

Rxn with pulmonary edema/lung injury; usually female who have been pregnant more than once; HLA ab

A

TRALI

381
Q

Disease where fetal cells destroyed for maternal IgG

A

HDFN

382
Q

HDFN:see increased…Most common in first prego is….2nd most common ab…

A

increased indirect biliMost common ABO HDN(sperocytes)second most common is anti c

383
Q

RhIg: has reduced Rh HDFN-protects…mL of fetal WB with…microg dose-given to…moms who have…babies-given at…wks..before or …hrs after delivery of D+ baby

A

protects 30mL fetal WBwith 300microg dosegiven to D- mom with D+ babiesgiven 28wks before, within 72hrs after

384
Q

Screen for fetal maternal hemorrage…Confirmation for fetal maternal hemorrage…

A

fetal rossetteKleihauer Betke

385
Q

Kleihauer Betke calculation

A

vol fetal in maternal=%cells x 50 =fetal blood /30

386
Q

Two conditions with decreased PLTs, HA, renal dsy, CNS issues

A

HUS, TTP

387
Q

Conditions needing transfussion support

A

sickle cellthallasemiaImmune HA

388
Q

antibody that is IgG, needs AHG to agg sensitized cells

A

incomplete

389
Q

antibody that is IgM, can agg w/out AHG

A

complete

390
Q

Reagent made in lab animals/not humans, detects IgG and complement, is either poly or mono specific

A

AHG

391
Q

Reagent blood cells used to do QC on AHG reagent…What rxn do you get…

A

Group O check cellsAdd AHG to to check cells Get weak pos rxn(2+)

392
Q

Adding check cells to negative AHG tubes doesn’t mean that…

A

patient serum was added

393
Q

3 things check cells with AHG confirm

A

AHG was addedCells were washedThere was no antiglobulin serum thus didn’t react with red cells being used

394
Q

Cause of false pos AHG

A

bacterial contamination of reagents

395
Q

3 causes of false neg

A

didn’t wash rbcab eluted due to delayed washingprozone, too much ab

396
Q

time frame in mins and temp for IAT

A

15-60min, 37C

397
Q

Reagent that is:-made of buffered saline/glycine-enhances speed/sensitivity-decreases electropos cations on rbc

A

LISS

398
Q

LISS is used in AHG testing to…

A

shorten incubation period

399
Q

Reagant that increases sensitivity of IAT by removing net charge and increasing ab uptake

A

albumin

400
Q

most warm auto in caused by …antigen

A

e

401
Q

Minor xmatch eliminated due to …being done

A

donor ab screen

402
Q

To do compatibility testing, fresh serum less than…needs to be used to preserve…

A

less than 48hrscomplement

403
Q

e antigen, most people have, about %compatible units about…E antigen, less people have, more will be compatible

A

98% have e so only 2% compatible

404
Q

after anti D, most likely ab in Rh hemolytic disease of newborn

A

anti-c

405
Q

3 things part of prenatal work out, 1 not

A

ABO,Rh, ab screenDAT not done

406
Q

After pos ab screen in mom and pos DAT in babie, what is done

A

titrate maternal ab

407
Q

Critical titer for most ab is…A titer of 8 with postpartum ab screen on RhIg candidate w/anti D due to….

A

titer >168, antepartum admin of RhIg

408
Q

Optimal pH for ab to bind

A

6.5-7.5

409
Q

rbc suspension

A

2-5%

410
Q

In titration, first 3 tubes neg, later tubes pos due to

A

prozone

411
Q

Most common reason for MF agg

A

transfused, two pops

412
Q

microscopic clumps, cloud backgroud

A

weak pos

413
Q

solid button, clear background

A

4+

414
Q

large clumps, clear background

A

3+

415
Q

many medium sized agg, clear background, no free rbc

A

2+

416
Q

many small clumps barely visible, turbid background, many free rbc

A

1+

417
Q

With HTR, do this immediately

A

DAT on post trans

418
Q

Two symptoms in HTR

A

hemoglobinuria, hypotension

419
Q

Febrile rxn…F rise in temp within ..hr of trans

A

2F, 1hr

420
Q

Hives/itching in

A

urticarial

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