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BB 3rd Edition > Virus > Flashcards

Virus Flashcards

1
Q

Mousepox

A

ECTV, orthopoxvirus

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2
Q

ECTV resistance

A

A, BC, DBA/1, DBA/2, and CBA susceptible, B6 resistant (natural);

BALB/c, A, DBA/2, C3H susceptible, AKR and SJL moderate, and B6 highly resistant (experimental)

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3
Q

Transmission: mousepox

A

Direct contact and skin abrasions, highly stable at room temp, virus excretion lasts for around 3 weeks

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4
Q
A

Ectromelia, intracytoplasmic inclusions

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6
Q
A

ECTV - White spots on liver (necrosis), splenic necrosis - mosaic pattern

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7
Q

Inclusion bodies - ECTV

A

A type (Marchal body) - well demarcated, acidophilic, primarily in epithelial cells of skin or mucous membranes

B type - basophilic, found in all ectromelia-infected cells (difficult to visualize)

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8
Q
A

ECTV vaccination “Take”, uses hemagglutinin-deficient strain to scarify skin on dorsum of tail

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10
Q

ECTV diagnosis

A

Serum from vaccinated mice may react by ELISA but should not react with HAI

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12
Q

Herpesvirus - mouse

A

Subfamily - betaherpesvirinae, genus Muromegalovirus, two species - MHV1 (MCMV) and MHV3 (MTV)

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13
Q
A

MPV

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14
Q

MCMV

A

Betaherpesvirus, subclinical in adult, lethal in neonates

Persistent infection - saliva, urine, tears

Limited to enlarged cells with eosinophilic intranuclear/cytoplasmic inclusions with lymphoplasmacytic interstitial inflammation, esp. in cervical salivary gland

Can suppress immune responses

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15
Q

MTV

A

Mouse thymic virus

Natural infection is subclinical

Excretion of virus in saliva

Severe diffuse necrosis of thymus and lymphoid tissue with tropism for CD4+ T cells, intranuclear inclusions

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16
Q

MVM

A

DNA, protoparvovirus, species - rodent protoparvovirus 1

VP1/2 are virus specific for differentiation between MVM and MPV

Natural infection - subclinical

Mouse is only known host, oronasal exposure, not PI

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18
Q
A

MAV B

Intranuclear adenoviral inclusions in SI of infant mouse

Vacuolated enterocytes (typical of normal neonatal mouse bowel)

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19
Q

MPV-3

A

Close to a hamster parvovirus isolate

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20
Q

MPV

A

Causes PI

Enters through mucosa of intestine - virus replication

No histo

Provoke immune dysfunction

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21
Q

MAV-1

A

Nonenveloped DNA virus

Murine mastadenovirus A (or FL)

Can cause severe dz in infant mice, wasting, death, necrosis (brown fat, myocardium, adrenal cortex, salivary gland, kidney), intranuclear inclusions

Low prevalence

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22
Q

MAV-2

A

Murine mastadenovirus B (K87)

Enterotropic and responsible for virtually all naturally occuring infections, usually subclinical

Amphophilic, intranuclear inclusions in intestinal epithelium (distal SI)

MAV-2 antigen should be used for serological detection regardless of assay

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24
Q

PyV

A

Polyoma virus, DNA, Murine polyomavirus

Tumor induction, neuro dz, and wasting can occur in immunodeficient mice

Transmission via respiratory, PI in infant mice

B6 most resistent to PyV oncogenesis

Tumors of both epithelial and mesenchymal origin

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25
Q

K virus

A

Absent in modern times, vascular endothelium, PI

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26
Q
A

SV

Consolidation

Necrotizing bronchiolitis

Intersitial pneumonia

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27
Q

LDV

A

Lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus (only LDH-V isotype)

RNA virus, Arteriviridae, PI, wild mice

Subclinical, poliomyelitis

Transmission through mechanical transfer (bite wounds)

Selectively targets F4/F8-positive macrophages

Homozygousity for the Fv-1n

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28
Q

Fv-1n

A

Permits replications of endogenous N-tropic ectropic murine leukemia virus

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29
Q

LCMV

A

Arenaviridiae, RNA

Dz due to host immune response

ZOONOTIC

Natural infection - “late disease”, weight loss, death

Exp. infection - Sudden death, runting, neuro

Viscerotropic - conjunctivitis, ascites, somnolesscence, death

Mice, hamsters, GP, NHP

In adult mice with acute LCMV virus multiples in DCs, B cells, macrophages (T cells resistant)

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30
Q

SV

A

Parmyxovirus (similar to human PI-1), RNA

Hunched, piloerection, weight loss, dyspnea, chattering, ocular discharge - more lethal in suckling mice

Transmitted by aerosol, highly contagious, morbidity 100%

B6 highly resistant, DBA/2 highly susceptible

Rats, hamsters, GPs

Can “burn out”

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31
Q

SV - pathology

A

Gross - partial to complete consolidation, meaty, plum-colored

Histo - targets airway epithelium and type II pneumocytes, bronchopneumonia and interstitial pneumonia

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33
Q
A

EDIM - swelling of enterocytes at tips of villi

34
Q

PVM

A

Murine pneumonia virus, RNA, Pneumovirus, paramyxoviridae

Natural infection - subclinical, acute, self-limiting in immunocomp., seropos animals are immune or in final stage of acute infection

Mice, rats, hamsters, rabbits

Intimate contact required for transmission, environmental inactivation is rapid

More mild than SV

Can exacerbate pneumocystosis

35
Q

Reovirus - mouse

A

Reovirus per se (Mammalian orthoreovirus) and murine rotavirus (Rotavirus A, EDIM)

36
Q

Mammalian orthoreovirus (1,2, and 3)

A

3 is associated with naturally occuring disease

Acute dz - 2 wks, adults - subclinical

Emaciation, abdominal distension, steatorrhea (oily, matted hair), icterus, neuro, partially alopecic

Enter through infecting intestinal epithelial cells (M cells) that cover Peyer’s patches

Liver/intesine, papillary muscles of left ventricle, brain

37
Q
A

MHV, Necrosis, inflammation, syncytium in liver

38
Q
A

Hepatitis, syncytia in SCID mouse

39
Q
A

MHV, proliferative colitis in chronically infected athymic mouse

40
Q
A

MHV, Small intestine of neonatal mouse, villi attenuated and marked syncytia

41
Q

Rotavirus

A

ds RNA, wheel-like ultrastructure

42
Q
A

MHV antigen in colonic mucosa of an athymic mouse chronically infected with enterotropic MHV

43
Q

EDIM

A

Group A rotavirus

Replicates in differentiated epithelial cells of the small intestine by budding into cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum

Will still see milk in stomach

Can burn out w/ cessation of breeding

44
Q

EDIM - Clinical Signs

A

Mice

Bloated abdomens, fecal soiling of perineum, low mortality, transient weight loss

46
Q

MHV

A

Coronavirus, RNA, radially arranged peplomers (spikes)

Enterotropic (intestinal) and polytropic strains (respiratory, multi)

Can be differentiated by neutralization tests that detect strain-specific spike (S) antigens

SYNCYTIUM

Respiratory/oral

47
Q

MHV - Epizoo

A

Infection in immunocompetent is self-limiting

Will not develop cross-immunity to other strains

DBA/2 mice highly susceptible to MHV-3, A/J resistant

48
Q

MHV - Pathology

A

Polytropic - replicate initially in nasal mucosa, yellow-white foci of necrosis in various tissues

SYNCITIA at margins, acute neocrotizing encephalitis/mengingo

53
Q

MHV - other

A

Often subclinical so serology

Can burn out in immunocompetent adults at cage level

Remains infectious up to several days in environment

55
Q

TMEV

A

Theiler’s Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus

Cardiovirus, picornaviridae, RNA, nonenveloped

Prototype strains - TO (Theiler’s original), FA, DA, and GD VII (George’s disease)

Neuro disease - flaccid posterior paralysis

Acquired by ingestion, replicates in intestinal mucosa

56
Q

Cardiovirus - murine

A

Picornaviridae family

EMCV

TMEV

57
Q

Max Theiler

A

Discovered TMEV during experimental studies of yellow fever virus in mice

Prototype strains - TO (Theiler’s original), FA, DA, and GD VII (George Martine - George’s Disease)

58
Q

MNV

A

nonenveloped RNA, caliciviridae (family)

Resistant to environmental infection

Species-specific

High mortality in interferon receptor and STAT1 null mice, RAG1 cannot clear

Fecal-oral

Tropism for macrophages and dendritic cells

Suceptible mice may develop splenomegaly and multifocal pale spots in liver

Neonatal mice are resistant to infection

59
Q

MGH strain - TMEV

A

Isolated from laboratory rats and is pathogenic in mice and rats after experimental innoculation

60
Q

Hantavirus

A

RNA virus, Bunyaviridae (family)

NOT arthropod borne

Infection is lifelong

ZOONOTIC (rats)

61
Q

Retrovirus - mouse

A

MMTV and MLV

RNA, retroviridae

MMTV - LTR region contains additional Sag

Bittner MMTV and Gross, Friend, Moloney, and Rauscher’s MLV

DBA, C3H, and GRS carry Mtv1 or Mtv2 loci - encode infectious virus

AKR mice develop 100% prevelance of thymic lymphoma between 6-12 months, BALB/c commonly develop multicentric lymphoma

MMTV can induce lymphomas in SJL

62
Q

Noninfectious retrovirus related retroelements

A

IAP, VL30, MusD, and ETn

63
Q

Exogenous viruses

A

Horizontally transmitted, replication-competent

64
Q

Endogenous virus

A

Closely related to exogenous viruses, encoded within mouse genome, transmitted by Mendalian inheritance

65
Q

Ecotropic virus

A

If endogenous retrovirus is still infectious to other mouse cell targets

66
Q

Xenotropic virus

A

No longer infectious to mouse cells, but can infect other species

67
Q

Astrovirus

A

nonenveloped, ss RNA, Mamastrovirus

Associated with human gastroenteritis

MuAstV

No clinical signs

Detected in most common immunocompromised strains

68
Q

ECTV vaccination

A

IHD-T strain of vaccinia is used to scarify skin on the dorsum of the tails

“Takes” should occur in previously uninfected mice, but not in infected mice

69
Q
A

Interstitial pneumonia in a DBA mouse infected with SV

70
Q
A

Lungs from a DBA mouse infected with SV. Note consolidation of lung tisuse at hilus.

71
Q
A

Necrotizing bronchiolitis in a DBA mouse affected with SV

72
Q
A
73
Q
A

Severe interstitial pneumonia in an athymic mouse chronically infected with pnuemonia virus of mice (MPnV)

74
Q
A

Hepatitis and syncytia in the liver of a SCID mouse. Note obvious syncytia in this liver due to absence of immune response, compared to liver of an infected immunocompetent mouse

75
Q
A

Proliferative colitis in an athymic mouse chronically infected with enterotropic MHV

76
Q
A

Small intestine of neonatal mouse infected with enterotropic MHV. Villi are markedly attenuated and there are prominent syncytia at the tips of the villi

77
Q
A

Posterior paralysis in a mouse natrual infected with TMEV

BB 3rd Edition (19 decks)

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