Reproduction/breeding/coat color- mice

Question 1

Best temperature to breed

Answer 1

16-26C (64-79F)

Question 2

Heterozygous mutant X homozygous mutant

Answer 2

When one gender is not viable/fertile, backcross every 10 generations to prevent genetic drift (inbred) OR backcross to F1 hybrids every 10 generations to prevent RI line creation (mixed Bg)

Question 3

Heterozygous mutant X heterozygous mutant

Answer 3

Use when homozygous mutants are severely impaired, infertile, embryonic lethal, or die prior to sexual maturity

Question 4

Transgenic mice

Answer 4

Mate hemizygous (Tg/0) to wild type (0/0 or +/+) If homozygosity is not lethal, can breed two hemizygous mice

Question 5

Eumelanin

Answer 5

Black/brown pigment

Question 6

Phaeomelanin

Answer 6

Yellow/red pigment

Question 7

Melanin

Answer 7

Tyrosine -> melanin via tyrosinase (Tyr gene)

Question 8

Piebald

Answer 8

Associated with megacolon

Question 9

Dominant white

Answer 9

Congenital anemia, pups die within a few days after birth, c-kit

Question 10

Brindle

Answer 10

Males die within 10-14 days, those that live and homozygous females have slight tremors and uncoordinated gait

Question 11

Dominant yellow

Answer 11

Homozygotes die in the sixth day of gestation

Question 12

Albino

Answer 12

Associated with blindness

Question 13

Epistatic gene

Answer 13

When the effect of one gene depends on the presence of one or more modifier genes

Question 14

Codominant

Answer 14

Alleles that are both expressed in a heterozygote (e.g. - blood type in humans)

Question 15

Semidominant

Answer 15

Incomplete dominance

Situation in which a heterozygote has a phenotype intermediate between two homozygotes

Question 16

Nonagouti

Answer 16

Chr 2

a = nonagouti (black or brown)

A or + = agouti (WT)

Question 17

Albino

Answer 17

Chr 7

c or Tyr^various = albino

C or Tyr = pigmented

Dominant over all others

Tyrosinase

Question 18

Dilution locus

Answer 18

Chr 9

d or Myo5a^d = dilute

D or Myo5a = non-dilute

Question 19

Pink-eye dilution

Answer 19

Chr 7

p or Oca2^p

Question 20

Brown/black coat locus

Answer 20

B or Tyrp1⁺ = black

b or Tyrp1^b

Dominant to a and d loci

Visible in a/a, Tyr⁺/Tyr⁺ mouse

Tyrosinase related protein 1

Question 21

A^e

Answer 21

Extreme nonagouti

Super black mice, eliminates any yellow

Question 22

A^w

Answer 22

White bellied agouti

Question 23

A^y

Answer 23

Black eyes, homozygotes not viable

Question 24

A^vy

Answer 24

Viable yellow, associated with obesity

Question 25

a^t

Answer 25

Black and tan, black with a cream/tan abdomen

Recessive on back and dominant on abdomen

Question 26

Agouti locus dominance

Answer 26

A^Y > A^W = A = a^t > a > a^e

Question 27

Answer 27

a^t/a^t

A/A

A/a^t

Question 28

Answer 28

A^y mice

Question 30

Tyr^c

Answer 30

Albino

Homozygotes do not perform well on intellegence test, probably due to visual impariments

Question 31

Tyr^c-ch

Answer 31

Chinchilla

Silver color

Question 32

Tyr^c-e

Answer 32

Light gray coat with black eyes

Question 33

Tyr^c-a

Answer 33

Acromelanic

Recessive to wild-type but dominant to albino

White coats with pigmented eyes, ears, tail, and perianal region

Question 34

Tyr^c-h

Answer 34

Himalayan

Homozygotes are white until the first month when ears, nose, tail, and perianal region become pigmented

Question 35

Albino locus dominance

Answer 35

Tyr > Tyr^c-a = Tyr^c-h >Tyr^c = Tyr^c-e=Tyr^c-ch

Question 36

D locus

Answer 36

Blue - in nonagouti mice, recessive gene, closely linked to short ear gene

Myo5a^d

Phenotype visible in Tyr⁺/Tyr⁺ mice

Linked to mutations that cause severe neurologic deficits

Question 37

White spotted loci

Answer 37

Chr 5 Kit^W = Kit^W-v = Kit⁺

Dominant spotting, homozygotes have severe macrocytic anemia

Chr 10 Kitl^Sl = Kitl⁺

Question 38

Answer 38

Kit^W/Kit⁺

Question 39

Answer 39

Kitl^Sl/Kitl⁺

Question 40

Piebald locus

Answer 40

Ednrb⁺ or Ednrb⁵

Chr 14

Homozygotes may have megacolon

Question 41

Answer 41

a/a

Tyrp1⁺/Tyrp1⁺

Tyr⁺/Tyr⁺

Ednrb^S/Ednrb^S

Question 42

P locus

Answer 42

Black eye = P, wildtype

Pink eye = p, dilutes black to warm lilac gray, chocolate to champagne, blue to silver, and Agouti to argente

Chr 7

Question 43

Lyst locus

Answer 43

Lysosomal trafficking regulator gene

Chr 13

Lyst^bg-J = beige J spontaneous mutation (Chidiak-Higashi!, severe deficiency in NK cells)

Question 44

Mlph

Answer 44

Chr 1

Mlph^ln = recessive

Leaden, effect on coat color indistinguishable from Myo5a

Question 45

Mo locus

Answer 45

Chr X

Atp7a^mo

Sex-linked brindle, tortoiseshell