Mouse basic biology/history Flashcards
Thymic maturation
Involutes around 35-80 days of ages
MALT
Contains more lymphoid cells and produces greater amount of immunoglobulin than both the spleen and LN
Peyer’s patches, cecal lymphoid tissue, lymphoid tissue in upper and lower respiratory system, as well as respiratory and genitourinary system
Vertebral formula - mouse
C7T13L6S4C28
Mammary glands - mouse
Five pairs - three cervicothoracic, two inguinoabdominal
Estrous cycle - mouse
Polyestrous, cycles every 4-5 days
Proestrus/estrus - active epithelial growth culminates in ovulation
Metestrus - degenerative epithelial changes
Diestrus - Quiescence/slow growth
Sex glands - male mouse
Ampullary gland, seminal vesicle, anterior/ventral/dorsal prostate, bulbourethral gland, preputial glands
Whitten effect
Re-entry into estrus synchronized in group housed females by exposure to pheromones in the male mouse urine. Within 3 days.
Bruce effect
Pheromones from a strange male mouse may prevent implantation or pseudopregnancy in recently bred females
Copulatory plug
Vesicular and coagulating gland secretions
Fertilization of ova
Can be fertilized for 10-12h after ovulation, takes place in the ampulla or upper portion of the oviduct
MUP20
Male-specific major urinary protein - rewarding and attractive to females, intermale agression/area avoidance
Male lacrimal protein ESP1
Lordosis in female mouse
Exocrine gland secreting peptide 22 (ESP22)
Inhibitory on older adult male mating behavior
Humoral immunity - mice
The majority of antibody is transferred through colostrum
Releaser pheromones
Elicit an immediate behavioral response
Primer pheromone
Mediate a slowly developing and longer-lasting endocrine response
Singaler pheromones
Convey individual or group indentity
Pheromone sensory organs
Vomeronasal organ, olfactory epithelium, septal organ of Masera, Gruenberg ganglion
Mups
Murine urinary proteins, chromosome 4, lipocalins, synthesized in liver
Kairomones
Chemical signals between species
Mus m 1
(Ag 1 or MA1), encoded by Mup 17 gene, potent allergen
Vandenbergh effect
Acceleration of puberty in juvenile females in response to male urine
Lee-Boot
Group housed females that are isolated from males, suppression of estrus cyclicity
Mouse puberty
28-49 days
Compensation for high metabolic rate
high alveolar PO2; a rapid respiratory rate;
a short air passage; a moderately high erythrocyte (RBC)
concentration; high RBC hemoglobin and carbonic
anhydrase concentrations; a high blood O2 capacity; a
slight shift in the O2-dissociation curve, enabling O2 to
be unloaded in the tissue capillaries at a high PO2; a more
pronounced Bohr effect, i.e., the hemoglobin affinity for
O2 with changes in pH is more pronounced; a high capillary
density; and a high blood sugar concentration.
Altered Schaedler’s Flora
Four originals (two lactobacilli, Bacteroides distasonis, and EOS fusiform bacteria), a spiral-shaped bacterium, and three new fusiform EOS bacteria
Periarteriolar sheath in mice (spleen)
Mostly CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and lymph follicles (germinal centers)
Mouse dental formula
One incisor and 3 molars for each quadrant
Mating - hormonal changes
When vagina/cervix are stimulated, prolactin is released from the anterior pituitary to enable CL to secrete progesteron
If fertilization has occured, placenta will take over production at 13 days
Milk production - mouse
Milk production increases up to 12 days post-partum and then declines until weaning at 21 days
Majority of antibody is tranferred through colostrum
.
Primary lymphoid tissues
Thymus and bone marrow
Secondary lymphoid tissues
Lymph nodes, spleen, and intestinal Peyer’s patches
Tertiary Lymphoid tissues
Form in other solid organs in response to an insult or microbial exposure, e.g. - GALT, BALT
Innate immune system
Responds rapidly to antigen insult via recognition of PAMPs (LPS etc.)
Monocytes/macrophages, granulocytes, and dendritic cells, innate-like lymphocyte populations (ILL) - NK cells
Adaptive immune system
T and B lymphocytes
Highly antigen-specific receptor that has arisen through gene rearrangement
IgA
Serum IgA levels are low, but is the highest produced in mice
Production occurs in plasma cells lodged in the laminal propria of mucosal tissues
Cytokines
Secreted signaling molecules involved in cell-cell communication
interleukins, TNFs, interferons, GM-CSF
Secretion occurs in response to recognition of antigen via PRR or TCR
Chemokines
Regulate cell-trafficking to sites of antigen encounter and facilitate cell-to-cell contact by acting as chemoattractants
Melanosis B6 mouse
heart valves, splenic capsule and trabeculae, meninges, cerebral vessels, Hardarian glands, and parathyroid
Paneth cells
Occupy crypt bases in the small intestines
Specialized enterocytes have prominent eosinophilic cytoplasmic granules
Mouse rectum
Short (1-2mm), not enveloped in serosa
Prone to rectal prolapse
Neonatal mouse bowel
Small intestinal enterocytes are vacuolated and may contain eosinophilic inclusions due to precense of apical-tubular system
Very shallow crypts of Leiberkuhn
Intestinal cell turnover kinetics are slow, making neonates highly suceptible to cytolytic viruses
Mouse placentation
Hemochorial
MHC
Chromosome 17
Causes rapid rejection of grafts that display foreign H2 antigens
Exorbital lacrimal gland
Exorbital lacrimal gland
Hardarian gland
Male submandibular salivary gland
Columnar epithelium w/ basal nuclei
Female submandibular salivary gland
Cuboidal epithelium w/ central nuclei
Male kidney - mouse
Female kidney - mouse
Hoover-Drichamer
Precense of urine from a foreign pregnant or lactating female prolongs estrus
Lee-Boot
When female mice are housed together in small groups (4-5) without a male present, there is an increase in the incidence of spontaneous pseudopregnancy
Vandenbergh
Accidental exposure of prepubescent female mice to male urine accelerates puberty
