NHP other viruses Flashcards
Adenoviruses
Apes, OWM, NWM Clinical disease respiratory or enteric Necrotizing pancreatitis or hepatitis in immunocompromised macaques Low mortality INIB at villous tips
Simian virus 40/Polyoma virus
Common latent viral infection of Asian macaques
Isolated from rhesus kidney cells for polio vaccine
Oncogenic in hamsters
Clinical dz rare except in SIV, etc.
Dymyelination, chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis, proliferative interstitial pneumonia
INIB
Resembles progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in humans
Papillomavirus
Macaque and chimps
Dermal or oral lesions
Chimps: focal epithelial hyperplasia - multiple proliferative structures in oral mucosa
Macaques, baboons: cervical dysplasia, carcinomas
RPV
Rhesus parvovirus
INIB in erythroid precursors in bone marrow
Parvoviruses
Severe, normochromic, normocytic anemia
Cynos, rhesus, pig-tailed macaques (M. nemistrina)
Monkeypox hosts
AGMs, Macaques, apes, NWMs (captive)
Monkeypox in AGMs
High prevelance of antibodies, no clinical disease
Monkeypox in Apes
Viremia 3-4 days pi, fever, anxiety, aggression
Monkeypox in captive NWMs
Papules to vesicular rash with umbilication to classic pock lesion on buttocks, hands, and feet
Dissemination to lung, spleen, mms (hemorrhagic necrosis)
Not always fatal
ICIB
Monkeypox in humans
Fatigue, fever, headache, back pain, lymphandenopathy
Vesiculopapular rash all over body
Vaccination against smallpox provides immunity
Yaba virus
Poxvirus
Macaques, baboons
SQ masses of varying sizes on face, hands, feet
Oral masses in baboons
Nonencapsulated masses of large pleomorphic histiocytes +/- large ICIBs
Yaba virus in humans
Pseudotumors <2cm on hands and feet
Lymphadenopathy, fever
Regression
Poxvirus
Tanapox in humans
Poxvirus
Benign cutaneous skin infection
1-2 small papules on face, extremities, or trunk
Fever, headache, backpain
Tanapox in macaques
Poxvirus
Small red papules progressing to 1cm raised foci which become umbilicated
Resolve in 3-8 weeks
Epidermal proliferation and ballooning degeneration
INIB and ICIB
Marmoset poxvirus
Callithrix jacchus
Papulovesicular dz lasting 4-6 weeks
Not fatal
Molluscum contagiosum in humans
Mildly contagious chronic skin dz
Multiple small skin tumors filled with waxy material
Large central acanthocytes have ICIBs
Molluscum contagiosum in chimps
Small firm lesions with waxlike contents on face and inguinal area
Large ICIBs
Cowpox in C. jacchus
Disseminated fatal infection
ICIB, INIB
Adenovirus hosts
Apes, OWM, NWM
Simian Hemorrhagic Fever Virus
Arterivirus
Highly contagious and fatal
Asian macaques - bleeding diathesis
SHFV reservoir species
Patas, AGMs, baboons
SHFV distinguishing path feature
Hemorrhagic necrosis of proximal duodenum in macaques
Yellow fever in African monkeys
Vector = mosquito
Subclinical, short-lived viremia
Yellow fever in NWMs
Flavivirus
Severe, epizootic, fatal
Icterus, hepatic necrosis, hepatic fatty degeneration, Councilman and Torres bodies
Yellow fever in humans
High fever, chills, headache, backache, myalgia prostration, nausea, vomiting, epistaxis, hematemesis, jaundice
Death in 3-7 days pi
Kyasanur Forest dz vector
Ixodid tick
Kyasanur Forest dz - langurs
Pancytopenia, fever, bradycardia
Kyasanur Forest dz - Bonnet macaque
M. radiata
Epistaxis, GI hemorrhage, hepatocellular necrosis, hemorrhage, nonsupperative encephalitis
Kyasanur Forest dz - humans
Fever, chills, back pain, leg pain, headache, insomnia, anorexia, confusion, tremors
Epistaxis, GI bleed, fatalities
Dengue
Flavivirus
Vector = mosquito
Dengue in macaques
No clinical dz
Dengue - Langurs
High incidence of antibody titers
Dengue - humans
Flavivirus
Fever, headage, myalgia, rash, nausea, vomiting, hemorrhage, DIC, thrombocytopenia, shock
Fulminant hepititis with encephalopathy
Marburg in humans
Filovirus
Acquired from AGMs
Fever, headache, tremors, joint aches, diarrhea, vomiting, epistaxis
Ebola Zaire Sudan in humans
Filovirus
Unknown host
Headache, fever, vomiting, myalgia, nausea, maculopapular rash, diarrhea, epistaxis, etc.
86% mortality
Cote d’Ivoire in humans
Filovirus
Dengue-like illness following chimp necropsy
Ebola Reston in cynos
Filovirus
Anorexia, lethargy, hypothermia, nasal discharge, splenomegaly, facial petechia, severe SQ hemorrhages, depression, coma, death
Can be zoonotic (no known human dz)
Ebola Reson reservoir host
Rousettus amplexicaudatus (Old world Fruit bat)
Ebola Reston characteristic lesions
Multifocal hepatocellular necrosis, multifocal necrosis within the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal gland, and mild interstitial pneumonia
Distinguishes Reston from SHFV
Measles
Paramyxovirus
Morbillivirus genus
Infection can be subclinical or severe in macaques
Induces immunosuppression
Measles vaccination
Vaccination with MLV successful = very important in marmosets!
Interferes (immunosuppresive) with TB test leading to false negative - need 4-6 weeks to return to normal
Measles clinical signs in NWM
Skin, respiratory, GI, neurologic, abortion
Koplic spot (tongue)
Marmoset - GI dz with no rash, high mortality
ICIB and INIB
Canine distemper virus
Paramyxovirus, Morbillivirus genus
Rhesus, Japanese macaque (M. fuscata), cynos
Respiratory, anorexia, pyrexia, thickening of foot pads, maculopapular rash, encephalitis
Paramyxovirus sanguinus
Paramyxovirus, genus Morbillivirus Callitrichids Anorexia, dehydration, diarrhea Necrotizing typhlocolitis Syncytia in crypts, pancreas, liver, kidney, and bile duct ICIB
Parainfluenza virus Type 1
Sendai, Paramyxovirus, Paramyxovirus genus
Marmosets
Sneezing, tachypnea, dyspnea, ocular/nasal discharge, depression, anorexia
Low mortality, high morbidity
Parainfluenza virus Type 3
Simian agent 10, Paramyxovirus genus
Patas, gibbons, chimps
URI, predispose to Streptococcal infection
Respiratory Syncytial virus
Paramyxovirus, Pneumovirus genus
Chimps
URI
STLV
Simian T-cell lymphotropic virus
Retrovirus
Associated with lymphoproliferative dz in OWM, macaques, and humans
Model for acute T-cell lymphoma (Baboons)
Anorexia, depression, LN enlargement, hepatosplenomegaly
Overt leukemia ~50% of cases
Simian type D retroviruses
SRVs
Simian betaretroviruses
Primary cause of immunodeficiency in captive macaques
SRV 1, 2, 4, and 5
Clinical syndromes of SRVs
1) persistant carrier, no clinical signs 2) Severe immunodeficiency and viremia 3) Clearance of infection 4) Retroperitoneal or subcutaneous firbromatosis nodules 5) Persistent lymphadenopathy
SRV-2
Simian betaretrovirus
Associated with retroperitoneal fibromatosis
Multinodular to coalescing mass originating from ileo-cecal junction
Highly vascular with intersecting fascicles of spindle-shaped cells that infiltrate along serosal surfaces
SRV-1
Simian betaretrovirus
Assocaited with SQ fibromatosis
Multiple nodules in SQ and oral cavity
Highly vascular with intersecting fascicles of spindle-shaped cells that infiltrate along serosal surfaces
SRV clinical signs
Progressive weight loss with diarrhea
Anemia, thrombocytopenia, neuropenia, lymphopenia, pancytopenia
SRV diagnosis
Serology is inadequate
Immunohistochemistry may be used to demonstrate RFHV latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA)
SIV in African primate species
Subclinical
SIV in Asian primate species
AIDS-like
SIV
Lentivirus
Closely related to HIV-1 and 2
Transmission to aberrant host = progressive loss of CD4 T cells and death w/i 18 months
Seronegative, viral positive animals are rare
Do not mix Asian and African species!
SIV opportunisitic infections
M. avium, CMV, adenovirus, SV40, Pneumocystis, Cryptococcus neoformans, noma, candida
SIV coinfection with RhLCV
Malignant B-cell lymphoma
Rabies
Tamarins, marmosets, squirrel monkeys, chimps, macaques
Irritability, self-mutilation, paralysis of pharyngeal and pelvis muscles
Rabies vaccination
Used of killed vaccine recommended
Used of attenuated virus associated with outbreak in NWM
LCMV
Viral hepatitis in Callitrichids
From feeding wild rodents
Hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, SQ/IM hemorrhages, pleural/pericardial effusion
Necrosis of liver, LN, adrenal glands, GI tract
Elevated liver enzymes, bilirubin, and ALKP
Zoonotic
Hepatitis A
Chimps, cynos, AGMs, owl monkeys
Fecal-oral transmission
Elevated ALT and AST 2-10x normal, elevated bilirubin
Usually self-limiting
Focal hepatocellular necrosis with nonsuppurative inflammatory infiltrates in portal area
Zoonotic
Encephalomyocarditis virus
Picornavirus Fatal infection in owl and squirrel monkeys, baboons, rhesus, chimps Wild rats are reservoir Death with no c/s NONSUPPURATIVE NECROTIZING MYOCARDITIS
Poliovirus
Great apes, rhesus
No c/s or paresis/parapegia and death
Lesions in grey matter of CNS
Vacciation of apes recommended with trivalent oral polio vax
