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SS - Exam 3 > Virsus + Derm > Flashcards

Virsus + Derm Flashcards

1
Q

Vesicular diseases

A

Vesicular stomatitis
• Foot and mouth disease
• Vesicular exanthema of swine*
• Swine vesicular disease*
• Senecavirus*
*pigs only
All diseases are reportable to state vet

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2
Q

Proliferative dermatitis

A

Pox/Parapox viruses
• Papilloma viruses
• Canine distemper virus

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3
Q

Vesicular stomatitis virus

A

Infects epithelium of ALL mammals - zoonotic
Mucosal vesicle & ulcers, udder & coronary band
Mimics other vesicular disease = reportable

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4
Q

Transmission of VSV

A

By sand flies, black flies, or direct contact
Common in horses, cattle, pigs
**horses don’t get foot mouth - differential

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5
Q

Pathogenesis of VSV

A

Infects epithelium = cytolytic effects
Spreads to draining lymph nodes
Host immunity determines if it spreads systemically

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6
Q

Foot & mouth disease

A

Foreign HIGHLY contagious animal disease
Aphtovirus - small ssRNA virus, non - enveloped
7 distinct serotypes

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7
Q

Endemic serotypes in Africa

A

SAT1, 2, 3
The rest are Asian

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8
Q

Transmission of FMD

A

Strict biosecurity is necessary
In semen and milk - cattle are more likely infected
Direct or indirect contact - fomites, animal movement, contamination of animal products, feeding uncooked garbage - swill

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9
Q

Pathogenesis of FMD

A

Primary infection - inhalation, ingestion, insemination of infectious particles
Viremia
Secondary replication in epi of mouth, muscle, teats, feet & areas of damaged skin

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10
Q

Shedding and findings of FMD

A

Sheds in secretion before onset of clin signs
Persistent in oropharynx
Young calves get myocardial inflammation

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11
Q

Clinical signs of FMD

A

Signs are most severe in cattle and swine
Fever, anorexia, salivation, vesicles in mouth, feet, teat, udders

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12
Q

Lesion progression of FMD

A

Fresh vesicles can occur within 24-48hr
Granulation tissue forms in 4-5 days
Healing after 7 days
Ballooning degeneration of stratum spinosum without breaching basal layer

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13
Q

DX of FMD

A

REPORT
Samples - vesicular fluid, epi flaps, oropharyngeal fluid/throat swabs

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14
Q

DX tests

A

Real time PCR in labs
PCR - 4hr
ELISA - 6hr
Virus isolation 3d X 2cycles = 1 week
Sequencing

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15
Q

Prophylaxis and control of FMD

A

Countries w endemic disease: vaccinate/slaughter
FMD free countries: test/slaughter, vaccinate - kill: vaccinate control zone, slaughter all vaccinated after outbreak is controlled
Vaccinate - live: vaccinate control zone, slaughter sick

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16
Q

Regain FMD free status

A

Stamping out - no vaccine is used
Vaccine to kill - 3m after slaughter of last vax animal
Vaccine to live - FMD free w vax, 12 m post vax or outbreak

17
Q

Viruses that cause epidermal proliferation

A

Canine distemper virus
Papilloma virus
Pox virus

18
Q

CDV

A

Can present w hyperkeratosis of nose/foot
Replication in lymphoid tissue, spreads via blood, CSF to brain & epi cells
- intracytoplasmic & nuclear inclusions in epi

19
Q

Papilloma virus

A

Canine, bovine, equine, ovine

20
Q

Key concepts of papilloma virus

A

Non-enveloped, DNA viruses
• Double stranded DNA
• Replicate in the nucleus of the host cells
• Resistant to lipids, acids, and low heat

21
Q

Infection/path of papilloma virus

A

Infect basal epithelial cells as a result of abrasions
• Infected cells proliferate and differentiate slowly
• Viral gene expression is limited to proliferation
• Viruses are released when infected epithelium is desquamated from the surface

22
Q

Host specific papilloma virus

A

Host specific virus causes proliferative lesions or warts which can spontaneously regress - self limit due to development of immunity
Squamous papillomas or epi tissue is most common
Fibropapillomas of fibrous tissue is also common
Infects early in life

23
Q

Bovine papillomas virus

A

Types 1 and 2 cause fibropapillomas in
young animals that spontaneously regress
• Type 3 causes fibropapillomas that persist
• Type 5 causes teat papillomas (look like grains of rice)
• Type 6 causes frond-like papillomas
• Types 7-10 cause teat papillomas

24
Q

BPV associated tumors

A

BPV 4 - bovine alimentary papilloma carcinoma in GIT, esophagus and reticulum, can occur w eating bracken fern
BPV 2 + bracken fern - carcinoma in bladder, hemorrhage

25
Q

Equine papillomas

A

1-3 yrs old
Type 1 - on muzzle and legs
Type 2 - genital tract
Regress spontaneously

26
Q

Equine sarcoid

A

Caused by BPV 1 and 2
Fibroblastic tumors /lesions on any part of the body (head, ventral abdomen, limbs)
Most common neoplasm of horses, mules, donkey
Develop is mid aged 1-6

27
Q

Canine oral papillomas

A

Type 1
Squamous papillomas lesion in the mouth
Common in young dogs, transmissible
Can regress but also can occur in conjunctiva, eyelids, muzzle - failure of regression can indicate an immune problem

28
Q

Canine cutaneous exophytic and inverted papilloma

A

Caused by type 2
Restricted to paw/footpads, chronic lesion that can progress to squamous cell carcinomas

29
Q

Canine pigmented viral plaques

A

Type 4 (3,5)
Pigmented, raise, irregular plaques
Immunosuppressed, hypothyroidism, hypoalbuminemia can predispose

30
Q

Pox viruses

A

Viruses replicate in cytoplasm - intracytoplasmic inclusions only*
Largest virus that can cause disease in domestic animals - enveloped, double stranded DNA

31
Q

Transmission of pox

A

Aerosol, direct, mechanical
Infection = raised proliferative skin lesions that progress to scabs, viral proteins release = epi growth & vasculitis
Systemic infection = life long immunity

32
Q

Which viruses cause vesicular disease

A
33
Q

Which vesicular disease affect different species

A
34
Q

Which vesicular diseases are reportable

A
35
Q

Which viruses cause epidermal proliforation

A
36
Q

Differences between viruses that cause papillomas, equine sarcoids & neoplasms

A

SS - Exam 3 (28 decks)

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