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SS - Exam 3 > Skin Lesion Recognition > Flashcards

Skin Lesion Recognition Flashcards

1
Q

Types of skin lesion

A

Primary, secondary or both

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2
Q

Level of skin lesion

A

Flat, elevated, depressed

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3
Q

Primary lesion

A

Direct result of disease process
Early lesion
Not altered by trauma

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4
Q

Examples of primary lesions

A

Papules Macules Vesicles Nodules Pustules Patches Bullae Cysts Plaques Wheals

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5
Q

Papule

A

Small solid elevation
Up to 1cm
Due to infiltration of inflammatory cells and edema
- flea bites, superficial bacterial folliculitis

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6
Q

pustule

A

Small circumscribed elevation filled w purulent material
Intra epidermal, follicular or non follicular
- bacterial infection, pemphigus foliaceus

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7
Q

Pemphigus foliceus early lesion

A

Non follicular pustules

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8
Q

Pemphigus foliaceus late lesions

A

Leads to crust and erosions

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9
Q

Plaque

A

Flat topped elevation
Formed by coalition of papules
- eosinophilic plaques in cats
Calcinosis cutis (cushings)

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10
Q

Wheal

A

Sharply circumscribed raised lesion or hive
Consist of edema
Appear/disappear within m to h
- urticaria, insect bites, intradermal test

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11
Q

Macula

A

Flat circumscribed skin discoloration <1cm in diameter
Lacks surface elevation or depression
-loss of pigment, erythema (red), hyperpigmentation
Common in vitiligo, atopic dermatitis

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12
Q

Patch

A

Flat circumscribed skin discoloration >1cm in diameter
Canine atopic dermatitis

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13
Q

vesicle

A

Sharply circumscribed elevated lesion <0.5cm
Contains fluid
- viral disease, autoimmune disease (chicken pox lesion)
Same thing as a bulla just smaller

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14
Q

Bulla

A

Sharply circumscribed elevated lesion >0.5cm*
Contains fluid
- common lesion in autoimmune disease
Same thing as a vesicle just bigger

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15
Q

Nodule

A

Solid circumscribed elevated lesion >1cm in diameter
Usually extends into dermis
- neoplasia, deep infection, immune mediated lesion

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16
Q

Cyst

A

Nodule containing fluid or semisolid material
- follicular cyst, Infundibular cyst, apocrine cyst

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17
Q

Secondary lesion types

A

Erosions Ulcers Excoriations Fissures Scars Epidermal collarette Lichenification

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18
Q

Erosion

A

2nd
Partial loss of epidermis, does not penetrate basement membrane, heals without scaring

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19
Q

Ulcer

A

2nd
Full loss of epidermis, penetrate and extend beyond basement membrane, heals w scarring (in chronic cases)

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20
Q

Excoriation

A

2nd
Linear erosion induced by scratching or trauma
Seen in pruritic dermatoses
- atopic dermatitis, scabies, pyoderma

21
Q

Fissure

A

2nd
Verticals loss of epidermis and dermis with sharply defined walls/cracks in the skin

22
Q

Scar

A

2nd
Formation of new connective fibrous tissue
Implied prior damage that extended beyond basement membrane

23
Q

Epidermal collarette

A

2nd
Circular ring of scales w erythema
Non-expanding - footprint of ruptured pustule
- superficial pyoderma
- sterile pustular dermatosis
expanding
- collarette expands, peeling/lifting of stratum corneum, exfoliating toxins by staph Pseudointermedius

24
Q

Non expanding collarette

A

Non-expanding - footprint of ruptured pustule
- superficial pyoderma
- sterile pustular dermatosis

25
Q

Expanding collarette

A

expanding
- collarette expands, peeling/lifting of stratum corneum, exfoliating toxins by staph Pseudointermedius* most common cause of pyoderma in dogs

26
Q

Lichenification

A

Marked thickening of all layers of epidermis
Resembles tree bark
Accentuation of skin lines
Caused by chronic rubbing or scratching
- canine atopic dermatitis

27
Q

Hyperkeratosis

A

Increase in the thickness of the stratum corneum
• Associated with: Atopic dermatitis with malassezia dermatitis, Chronic low-grade trauma/barrier damage or secondary infection
Zinc- responsive dermatosis, malassezia dermatitis,
ectoparasitism

28
Q

Primary or secondary lesions

A

Alopecia
Scales
Crusts
Follicular casts
Comedones
Hyperpigmentation/hypopigmentation

29
Q

Spontaneous (primary) alopecia

A

Border of lesion has a sharp margin
Tip of hair usually not affected
Easily epilated hair shaft at borders
- Dermatophytosis, dermodicosis, ischemic Dermatopathy

30
Q

Self induced (secondary) alopecia

A

Border of lesion may have indistinct margin
Tip of hair at border is broken
Hair shaft isn’t easily pulled

31
Q

Scale

A

Accumulation of loose fragments of stratum corneum - flakes
Due to maturation of epidermis or glandular secretion

32
Q

Primary scaling lesion

A

Primary seborrhea of spaniels
Ichthyosis
Sebaceous adenitis

33
Q

Scaling secondary lesion

A

Xerosis (dry skin)
Flea allergy dermatitis
Canine atopic dermatitis
Pyoderma
Ectoparasites

34
Q

Crust

A

Collection of cellular debris, dried exudate, inflammatory cells or blood
- yellow, honey, dark red, brown

35
Q

Primary crust lesion

A

Zinc responsive dermatosis
Hepatocutaneous syndrome

36
Q

Secondary crust lesion

A

Pyoderma
Pruritus
Pemphigus foliaceus

37
Q

Follicular cast

A

Accumulation of keratin and sebaceous material that adheres to hair shaft
Primary associated w - primary seborrhea, sebaceous adenitis
Secondary lesion associated w - Dermatophytosis, dermodicosis

38
Q

Comedo

A

Dilated hair follicles filled w cornified cells & sebaceous/sweat gland secretions
Primary lesion of feline chin acne, schnauzer comedo syndrome
Secondary lesion of hyperadrenocorticism, dermodicosis

39
Q

Colors of lesions

A

Erythema
Petechia /purpura
Hypopigmentation
Hyperpigmentation

40
Q

Erythema

A

Redness of skin - rash
Caused by congestion (vasodilation) of BV in dermis
Blanches on pressure - diascopy
- allergic dermatosis, cutaneous drug reaction, cutaneous lymphoma

41
Q

Petechia/purpura

A

Dark red/purple
Caused by extravasation of RBC into dermis - hemorrhage
Does not blanch on pressure
Petechia < purpura < ecchymosis
- vasculitis, drug reaction

42
Q

Hypopigmentation

A

Lighter than normal skin color
Depigmentation = total loss of pigmentation (white)
- vitiligo, cutaneous lymphoma, albinism, uveodermatologic syndrome

43
Q

Hyperpigmentation

A

Darker than normal skin color
- hypothyroidism or post inflammation response

44
Q

Primary lesions that are only different in size

A

Macule vs patch
Vesicle vs bulla

45
Q

Primary lesion filled w fluid/inflammation

A

Papule - inflammatory cells & edema
Pustule - purulent material
Wheal - edema
Vesicle & bulla - fluid
Cyst - fluid/semisolid material

46
Q

What primary lesions are flat?

A

Plaque
Macule
Patch

47
Q

What primary lesions are raised?

A

Papule
Pustule
Wheal
Vesicle
Bulla
Nodule
Cyst

48
Q

Multiple papules form a

A

Plaque

SS - Exam 3 (28 decks)

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