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SS - Exam 3 > Ocular Infections 2 > Flashcards

Ocular Infections 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Moraxella bovis

A

Gram negative rod - strict aerobe
Grows in mucus memb of URT/conj in carriers/infected
Causing keratoconjunctivitis in cattle

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2
Q

Predisposition for pinkeye - moraxella bovis

A

Host - lacking eyelid pigment, young, bull calf>heifer
Environment - UV exposure, dry/dusty, crowded condition

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3
Q

Transmission of moraxella bovis

A

Infected or carrier animals
Flying insects - mechanical transmission

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4
Q

Factors to m. Bovis virulence

A

Fimbriae or pili that mediate attachment of bacteria, vaccine targets pili action
- initial damage in eye is required
Hemolysin initiates toxic damage for corneal epithelial cells & damage epithelial via inflammatory infiltration

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5
Q

Range of ocular signs for pink eye

A

Conjunctivitis
Epiphora
Hyperemia
Profuse lacrimation
Photophobia
Blepharospasm
Keratitis
Corneal ulcers

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6
Q

Potential sequelae for m bovis

A

Globe rupture
Secondary infection - hypopyon

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7
Q

Treating m bovis

A

Could be self limiting
Subconjunctivial antibiotics - Pen G, ceftiofur
Systemic antibiotics - tetracycline, tulathromycin
Medicated eye patches

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8
Q

Controlling m bovis

A

Avoid predisposing factors
Isolate affected animals
Decrease stocking rates
Add shade/fly control
Vaccination

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9
Q

Fungal Extraocular infection

A

Periocular infection - blepharitis
- dermatophytes (ringworm)
Surface ocular infections are predominantly fungal keratitis
- commonly free living fungi transported to conjunctiva
More common in horses & production animals

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10
Q

Fungal keratitis

A

Aspergillus is the most common bacteria, directly inoculated into traumatized corneal epithelium
Virulence inhibit corneal neovascularization , reduced neutrophil infiltration & cell mediated phagocytosis = slowed healing

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11
Q

Feline herpes virus keratitis

A

URT and ocular infection commonly occur simultaneously
Rapid cell to cell spread, inducing cell lysis

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12
Q

Herpetic keratitis

A

Punctate ulcers - dots appearence
Dendritic /linear ulcer - fluorescence spreads linearly
Geographic ulcer - localized to a focal area affected
Interstitial ulcer - chronic manifestation

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13
Q

Symblepharon

A

Adhesion of conjunctiva to itself or cornea
Leads to vision loss/permanent damage
Common w severe cases of FHV1

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14
Q

Canine distemper virus

A

Can cause viral keratitis /conjunctivitis
Acute blepharitis / conjunctivitis - often 1st clinical sign
Acute keratoconjunctivitis
Intraocular disease - chorioretinitis, anterior uveitis, optic neuritis

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15
Q

canine adenovirus 1

A

Cause of infectious canine hepatitis - ocular manifestations are common
Rare disease due to good vaccine health
Presents w diffuse corneal edema - blue eye or anterior uveitis
Pathology due to deposition of immune complex on endothelial cells of eyes (type 3 immune reaction)

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16
Q

Intraocular infections

A

Due to local or systemic disease
Eye is often a target organ for systemic infectious agents
Ocular disease can be primary complaint

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17
Q

Intraocular infectious agents

A

Access eye via uvea /choroid or vascular tract
Posterior uveitis or chorioretinitis
Anterior uveitis

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18
Q

Leptospira

A

Intraocular bacteria
Anterior uveitis & equine recurrent uveitis
- kidney, liver, abortion

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19
Q

Enterbacterales

A

Intraocular
Gram negative bacteria - E. coli
Conjunctivitis, keratitis, dacrocystitis, anterior uveitis, etc

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20
Q

Histophilus somni

A

Gram negative Intraocular bacteria
Chorioretinitis, retinal detachment

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21
Q

Borrelia burgdorferi

A

Gram neg Intraocular bacteria
Anterior and posterior uveitis in dogs and panuveitis in horses

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22
Q

Brucella canis

A

Gram neg Intraocular bacteria
Anterior and posterior uveitis in dogs

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23
Q

Tick borne infections in Intraocular infections Ehrlichia canis

A

Ehrlichia canis
- ocular lesion occur frequently in dogs
Typical lesions
Uni- or bilateral anterior uveitis
Conjunctival episcleral hyperemia or hemorrhage
Miosis
Aqueous flare
Hypopyon
Keratitic precipitates
Posterior inflammation can also occur
Chorioretinitis, retinal haemorrhage, retinal detachment and optic neuritis

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24
Q

Rickettsia rickettsii Intraocular infection

A

Ocular lesion due to vasculitis - mostly presents as ocular hemorrhage
Infects endothelial cells

25
Q

Feline corona virus

A

Cause of FIP, ocular manifestations are common in the dry form or chronic form of FIP
Presents as bilateral granulomatous anterior uveitis & chorioretinitis aka fibrin & keratic precipitates
Pyogran lesions around retinal vessels

26
Q

Feline leukemia virus - ocular lesion

A

Intraocular infection - ocular lymphoma
Uveal tract is common site for metastasis
Mild uveitis, aqueous flare, keratitic precipitates
Leads to iris thickening & glaucoma

27
Q

Canine distemper & adenovirus - Intraocular infection

A

CDV - presents as multi focal, non granulomatous chorioretinitis, optic neuritis / blindness
CAV - uveitis with miosis and aqueous flare, common in unvaccinated dogs

28
Q

MCF - Intraocular infection

A

Highly variable clinical signs
Edema - eyelids, conjunctiva
Photophobia, lacrimation, conjunctivitis, progressive corneal opacity = corneal edema
Lymphocytic uveitis
Caused by gamma herpes that infects atypical host - sheep

29
Q

Systemic fungal infections - histo Intraocular infection

A

Histoplasmosis - geographical region
More common in cats than dogs
Signs
Granulomatous chorioretinitis
Retinal detachment
Anterior uveitis
Secondary glaucoma
Optic neuritis

30
Q

Histoplasmosis in cats

A

Conjunctival hyperemia
Corneoscleral inflammation
Corneal edema & vascularization
Anterior uveitis
Modular iritis

31
Q

Blastomycosis - Intraocular infection

A

Geographic distribution - Mississippi, Ohio river, central Atlantic state
Cause of ocular lesion in 50% of dogs

32
Q

Ocular lesions of blastomycoiss

A

Chorioretinitis - focal granuloma in fundus
Anterior uveitis
Endopthalmitis

33
Q

Cryptococcus- Intraocular infection

A

Most common feline systemic mycolic infection
- common in cats, can occur in dogs
Wide spread distribution - bird/bat droppings
Presents with chorioretinitis w granulomatous inflammation & retinal detachment / optic neuritis

34
Q

Toxoplasma gondii - Intraocular disease

A

Disease may be acute in young cats*
Common lesion is chorioretinitis
Multi focal dark gray infiltrates in tapetal fundus & fluffy white infiltrates the nontepetal fundus

35
Q

Clinical signs/diseases caused by intraocular bacteria

A

Anterior uveitis
Vasculitis

36
Q

Bacteria causing anterior uveitis

A

Lepto, B. Burgdorferi, H. Somni, B canis

37
Q

Bacteria causing vasculitis/ uveitis

A

E. Canis, R. Rickettsia

38
Q

Diseases caused by extra ocular bacteria

A

Blepharitis, conjunctivitis, keratitis

39
Q

Bacteria causing blepharitis

A

Gram positive

40
Q

Bacteria causing conjunctivitis

A

Mycoplasma, chlamydia, pasturella, moraxella

41
Q

Bacteria causing keratitis

A

Gram positive, psudomonas Aeruginosa, moraxella

42
Q

Conditions caused by intraocular fungi

A

Uveitis, chorioretinitis

43
Q

Conditions caused by extra ocular fungi

A

Blepharitis

44
Q

Fungi in Intraocular infections

A

H. Capsulatum, B. Dermatidis, C. Neoformans

45
Q

Fungi in extra ocular infections

A

Dermatophytes

46
Q

Diseases w intraocular parasites

A

Chorioretinitis

47
Q

Diseases w extra ocular parasites

A

Blepharitis

48
Q

Parasites for intra and extra ocular

A

Intra - t. Gondii
Extra - mites, Cuterebra

49
Q

Intraocular Diseases caused by viruses

A

Uveitis, ocular LSA, chorioretinitis

50
Q

Extraocular diseases caused by viruses

A

Keratoconjunctivitis

51
Q

Causes of Extraocular blepharitis

A

Bacteria
Fungus
Parasites

52
Q

Causes of uveitis in intraocular diseases

A

Bacteria - anterior or vasculitis
Fungus
Virus

53
Q

Causes of keratitis

A

Bacteria
Fungus
Virus*

54
Q

Specific causes for blepharitis

A

G+ cocci
Dermatophytes
Demodex
Cuterebra

55
Q

Specific causes for keratitis

A

G+ cocci
P. Aeruginosa
Opportunistic fungi

56
Q

Specific causes of conjunctivitis

A

Chlamydia
Mycoplasma
Pasteurella multocida
canine distemper virus

57
Q

Specific causes of keratoconjunctivitis

A

Moraxella bovis
Feline herpes virus 1

58
Q

Causes for corneal edema

A

Canine adenovirus 1

SS - Exam 3 (28 decks)

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