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SS - Exam 3 > Ophtho 1 & 2 > Flashcards

Ophtho 1 & 2 Flashcards

1
Q

90% of thickness of eye

A

Is made up by the stroma
Lamellar collagen arrangement
400-800um thick in dogs/cats
Avascular, clarity is critical to function

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2
Q

Optical clarity maintained by

A

Non-keratinized epithelium
Regular stromal collagen arrangements
Small diameter collagen fibrils
Lack of BV
Relative dehydration
Pre-corneal tear film

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3
Q

4 pathologic corneal diseases

A

Edema
Vacularization
Pigmentation - species dependent
Scarring/fibrosis

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4
Q

Congenital corneal disorders

A

Dermoid
Persistent pupillary membranes

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5
Q

PPMs

A

Embryologic structure that nurses the eye
Strands of tissue, that cause localized edema

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6
Q

Corneal ulceration

A

Full thickness of epithelium

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7
Q

Clinical signs for corneal ulceration

A

Blinking/squinting
Localized corneal edema
Conjunctival hyperemia/chemosis
Variable ocular discharge

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8
Q

causes for corneal edema

A

Trauma** (exogenous vs endogenous)
KCS
Prolonged corneal exposures (FN paralysis, exopthalmos)
Primary infections - FHV1, EHV2, CHV, m.bovis

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9
Q

Endogenous sources of corneal trauma

A

Entropion - enrolling on the lid
Ectopic cilia - conformational, eyelash on lense
Distichia - hairs outside the eyelid margin
Nasal fold trichiasis - folds near nose rub on eyes

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10
Q

Corneal healing - epithelial

A

Epithelial sliding and mitosis - quicker healing

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11
Q

Corneal healing - stromal defect

A

More damage or secondary
Epithelial healing+ keratocyte proliforation and collagen deposit
Will result in a cloudy scar

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12
Q

Normal corneal healing

A

Quickly, 7-10 days often quicker
Anything past that = something else is wrong

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13
Q

Specific causes for delayed corneal healing

A

Corneal infection
Unresolved source of corneal abrasion
KCS
Exposure keratitis
Neurotrophic keratitis
SCCED - boxer ulcer

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14
Q

Risk factors for ulcer progression

A

Tear production normal ?
Can & does the animal blink normally?
Brachycephalic breed/conformational exophthalmos
Adnexal abnormalities
Does ulcer appear infected

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15
Q

Corneal ulceration complications

A

Secondary infections**
Stromal collagenolysis
Uveitis
Corneal perforation

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16
Q

Descriptive classification of corneal ulcers

A

Superifical
Stromal
- mid Stromal
- deep stromal
Desemetocele

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17
Q

Diagnostic for eye

A

Search for underlying cause
Schirmer tear test
Corneal culture
Corneal cytology
Florescein stain

18
Q

Goals of therapy

A

Prevent/control infection
Prevent/control collagenolysis
Increase patient comfort
Promote health

19
Q

Types of medical therapy for corneal ulceration

A

Antimicrobials - topical
Anti proteolytic agents
- topical autogenous serum
- topical n-acetylcysteine
- systemic tetracyclines

20
Q

Other medical therapy types

A

Cycloplegic agents - topical atropine
Other - analgesia, e-collar

21
Q

Duration for medical therapy

A

As long as it takes for the epithelium to cover and protect the lesion - tested with fluorescence stain, negative uptake

22
Q

Topical steroids

A

Contraindicated use in presence of corneal ulcers
Can inhibit healing, can prolong ulcers

23
Q

Surgical therapy

A

SCCED - chronic corneal ulcers
Progressive corneal ulceration
Deep stromal ulcers/descemetocoele
Keratomalacia - melting ulcers

24
Q

Types of surgical therapy

A

Keratectomy - removal of necrotic/infected corneal
Corneal/biomaterial graft - structural support
Conjunctival flap/graft - speeds healing of cornea
3rd eye lip flap XX do not use for healing

25
Q

Conjunctival flaps

A

Mechanical support
Immediate blood supply
Source of fibroblasts
Source of epithelial cells

26
Q

SCCED

A

Spontaneous chronic corneal epithelial defect
*boxer ulcer
Superficial, non healing ulceration
Non-infected
Loose epithelial lip surrounding ulcer
Variable vascularization
Variable pain/discomfort

27
Q

Treatment for SCCED

A

Debride the cornea
Keratotomy/tectomy
Manage superficial ulcer till healed

28
Q

FHV1 keratitis

A

Corneal ulceration
Dendritic ulcers/erosions
Classic early lesion, rose bengal staining- highlights epithelial ulcers better than florescence
Superficial ulceration/stromal ulceration

29
Q

other FHV corneal conditions

A

Stromal keratitis, corneal sequestrum, eosinophilic keratitis

30
Q

FHV keratitis treatment

A

Topical antibiotics if ulceration present
Antiviral (topical/oral)**
Anti inflammatories (topical NSAIDS)

31
Q

Canine herpes virus

A

Not super common
Ubiquitous infections
Dendritic ulcers or non ulcerative inflammatory DS

32
Q

Infectious bovine keratoconjuctivitis

A

Pink eye
Spread by moraxella bovis
Highly contagious - direct contact & mechanical vectors

33
Q

Etiopathalogic factors for IBK

A

Bacteria related - pili, cytotoxin
Co- infections
Host related - genetics, age, immunity, stress/nutrition
Environmental - UV exposure, dry/dusty enviro

34
Q

Ocular lesion of IBK

A

Corneal ulcer - can progress to rupture
Conjunctivitis, blepharospasm, photophobia, epiphora, mucopurulent discharge

35
Q

Preventing IBK

A

No good vaccine
Environmental control is best
Parenteral antibiotics
Subconjuncival antibiotics*
Topical antibiotics

36
Q

Corneal foreign body

A

Removal is mandatory
- caution w potential perforation
- surgical intervention in select cases
Topical antibiotics until healed

37
Q

Corneal laceration/perforation

A

Partial thickness - Medical management if superficial
(<50% corneal thickness)
Full thickness - surgical intervention probably

38
Q

Non ulcerative corneal disease

A

Corneal abscess
Pigmentary keratitis
Immune mediated keratitis
Chronic superficial keratitis (pannus)
Lipid keratopathy
Corneal mineralization /calcification keratopathy

39
Q

Corneal abscess

A

Uncommon
Intrastromal cellular accumulation
Infected vs sterile
Must vascularize to heal - medical vs surgical

40
Q

Pigmentary keratitis

A

Not a specific disease - typically a result of underlying condition causing chronic irritation
Most common & severe in Brachycephalic dogs
Treat underlying conditions, topical cyclosporine or tacrolimus to clear pigment

SS - Exam 3 (28 decks)

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