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SS - Exam 3 > Alopecia 1 > Flashcards

Alopecia 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Classifying spontaneous alopecia

A

Genetic defect
Hair cycling abnormalities
Inflammation of hair follicles
Ischemia

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2
Q

Genetic defect

A

Chines crested dog
Mexican hairless dog

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3
Q

Hair cycling abnormalities

A

Hypothyroidism
Hyperadrenocorticism
Alopecia X
Canine flank alopecia
Color dilute alopecia

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4
Q

Inflammation of hair follicles

A

Bacterial
Demodicosis
Dermatophytosis

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5
Q

Ischemia

A

Vaccine- induced
Ischemic dermatopathy
Dermatomyositis

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6
Q

How genetic defect works

A

Due to defect(s) of the hair shaft or hair follicle
• Diagnosed based on presence of hair loss at birth or shortly after birth
• Most have concurrent dental anomaly (i.e., X-
linked ectodermal dysplasia)
• Several breeds of dogs selected based on their unique appearance

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7
Q

Mechanisms of hair cycling abnormalities

A

Iatrogenic or stress
Genetic cycling defect
Endocrine disease

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8
Q

Endocrine disease

A

Hypothyroidism
Hyperadrenocortisism

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9
Q

Primary hypothyroidism

A

> 95% of cases
Lymphocytic thyroiditis - auto immune
Secondary or tertiary are rare

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10
Q

Dermatological clinical signs of hypothyroidism

A

Alopecia (frictional areas)
Hyperpigmentation
Excessive scaling (seborrhea)
Recurrent pyoderma
Cutaneous mucinosis
Myxedema

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11
Q

Nondermatological signs of hypothyroidism

A

Lethargy
Weakness
Obesity
Exercise intolerance
Bradycardia
Cold intolerance

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12
Q

Mechanism of alopecia w hypothyroidism

A

Result of slowing growing cycle
Due to reduction of thyroid hormones - but will not fall of spontaneously
Rubbed off - friction or folliculitis
Regrowth of hair stunted

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13
Q

Myxedema

A

Non pitting edema, tragic face
Really severe cases

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14
Q

DX for hypothyroidism

A

Blood work up
T4, free T4, TSH function tests
Histopath of skin will NOT differentiate from other endocrine diseases = NOT valuable

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15
Q

TX hypothyroidism

A

Levothyroxine
^ activity, weight loss
Watch derm signs
Recheck 6-8 wks, take samples 4-6 hr post pill

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16
Q

Hyperadrenocorticism

A

Spontaneous -
Pituitary dependent - most common (80-85%) ^^ACTH by pituitary gland
Adrenal dependent - 15-20% - excessive production of glucocorticoids by adrenal tumor
Iatrogenic - due to chronic admin of GC’s

17
Q

Dermatological clinical signs of hyperadrenocorticism

A

Alopecia (bilateral/symmetrical
Comedones
Cutaneous atrophy
Calcinosis cutis
Recurrent pyoderma

18
Q

No derm signs in hyperadrenocorticism

A

Polydipsia/polyuria (85%)
Pendulous abdomen (70%)
Hepatomegaly
Polyphagia
Lethargy
Muscle weakness/atrophy

19
Q

Hyperadrenocorticism Mechanism of alopecia

A

Due to excess glucocorticoids, hair follicles do not re-enter the anagen phase
Hair follicle eventually undergo atrophy
Hair shafts are expelled spontaneously
Lack of hair shaft leads to formation of comedones (“black head”)

20
Q

DX hyperADC

A

Blood work up
ACTH stim test, LDDS test, HDDS test
Abdominal ultrasound - looking for kidney tumor

21
Q

Hyper ADC DX histopath

A

Calcinosis cutis - ONLY in dogs that have hyperADC
Can be beneficial DX

22
Q

TX and monitoring for hyperADC

A

Pit dependent - Trilostane, mitotane
Adrenal dependent - surgery, trilostane
Clinical response - long recovery, Calcinosis cutis may be permanent
ACTH stimulation test

23
Q

Alopecia X

A

Etiology unknown
Proposed pathogenesis: mutation in the signaling pathway of a receptor involved in hair follicle cycle
Prevent hair follicles from entering Anagen phase
- stuck in resting phase
Pomeranians, show, malamute - plush coat

24
Q

DX for alopecia X

A

breed, early onset of skin lesion
Distinctive clinical features
Pattern resembles hyperADC (more age specific)
Histopath is NOT useful

25
Q

TX for alopecia x

A

Not detrimental to health
Melatonin - effective in 50%
Neutering intact can help
Trilostane (chemical neutering), deslorelin or micro needling

26
Q

Canine flake alopecia

A

Unknown etiology
Suspected cause by intermittent hair follicle cycling defect (arrest)
Boxers, bulldogs, Airedale terriers, Rhodesian, schnauzer
Apolpecici patches, bilateral symmetrical on flanks
Irregular in shape, hyperpigmented skin

27
Q

TX for canine flank alopecia

A

Cosmetic
Melatonin
Hair can spontaneously regrow or be permenant

28
Q

Color dilation alopecia

A

Unknown etiology
Suspected cause by defective transport of pigment containing vesicle (melanosome)
Considered inherited genetic disease (autosomal)
Dobermans, Weimaraner - diluted coat

29
Q

Lesions for color dilution alopecia

A

Normal coat at birth but progresses
Starts at trunks, common in young adults
Can be seen with:
Comedones
Dry brittle coat
Scaling
Secondary bacterial infection

30
Q

DX for color dilution alopecia

A

Breed/signs/lesions
Rule out HAC and HPT
Hair pluck - aggregates of melanin

31
Q

TX for color dilution alopecia

A

No specific treatment that is effective
Treat 2nd infections if present
Hair loss is usually permanent

32
Q

Metabolic stress - Telogen effluvium

A

Hair loss caused by sudden cesseation of hair growth (excessive shedding —> alopecia)
Most follicles enter Telogen phase
Develops 3-4wks post event, resolves spontaneously

SS - Exam 3 (28 decks)

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