Ophtho /sclera 3

Question 1

immune mediated keratitis

Answer 1

Idiopathic condition, vascularization, edema, variable cell inflammation, minimally/not painful
Long term control therapy required

Question 2

Chronic superficial keratitis pannus

Answer 2

Most common in German shepherds
Corneal vascularization/pigmentation growing into cornea from lateral limbus
Conjunctival hyperemia
Will present bilaterally

Question 3

CSK/pannus treatment

Answer 3

Topical corticosteroids
Topical cyclosporine
Reduce environmental UV exposure

Question 4

Equine IMMK

Answer 4

Chronic, non-painful or minimally painful
- epithelial
- superficial stromal
- mid-Stromal
- endothelial

Question 5

Epithelial immk appearence

Answer 5

Blue, cloudy, spotty

Question 6

Superficial stromal IMMK appearnece

Answer 6

Blue/green cloudy with presence of vascularization infiltrating visual field

Question 7

Mid stromal immk appearance

Answer 7

Red/yellow/green localized to generalized inflammation and vascularization

Question 8

Endothelial immk appearnece

Answer 8

Often no vascularization, corneal edema ^^, generalized or regional

Question 9

Medical treatment for equine immk

Answer 9

Topical steroids - beneficial for all except endothelial disease presentation

Question 10

Surgical treatment for equine immk

Answer 10

Lesion excision for stromal forms of disease is often curative
Cyclosporine implants - approx 1 year duration of efficacy

Question 11

Lipid presence differentials

Answer 11

Presence of lipid considerations
Lipid, mineral, scar, edema

Question 12

Lipid keratopathy

Answer 12

Appears sparkly
Lipid dystrophy - inherited /breed related bilateral disorder
Lipid degeneration - active corneal/sclera disease
Lipid keratopathy due to systemic lipid metabolism abnormalities

Question 13

Corneal mineralization/calcific keratopathy

Answer 13

Typically a benign condition
Ulceration over densely mineralized tissue may occur
Commonly age related degenerative condition
Secondary to systemic calcium/phosphorus imbalance
Seen in horses w chronic ERU (band keratopathy)

Question 14

Endothelial dystrophy /degeneration

Answer 14

Abnormal corneal endothelial development
Compounded by age related endothelial degen
*progressive severe corneal edema - corneal bullae formation/rupture - corneal ulceration

Question 15

Treating endothelial dystrophy

Answer 15

Medical - topical hyperosomtics - draw water out of eye
Surgical - penetrating keratoplasty
Conjunctival flap
Thermokeratoplasty - burning cornea/cauterize to contract stroma to reduce bullae formation

Question 16

Eosinophilic Keratitis/ Keratoconjunctivitis

Answer 16

Clinical features - Affects cats & horses
Diagnosis - clinical presentation, caseous plaques/ cytology
Treatment - anti inflammatory meds, topical steroids, anti histamines are beneficial in horses
Prognosis - pretty good

Question 17

Feline corneal sequestrum

Answer 17

Dead corneal tissue trying to be rejected = chronic non healing ulcer
Painful, w development of focal brown discoloration, variable corneal vascularization

Question 18

FCs etiology & treatment

Answer 18

Idiopathic, FHV1, breed - Brachycephalic cats
Treatment - medical vs surgery
Surgery is ideal - kertectomy or corneoconjunctival transposition surgery

Question 19

Corneroscleral masses

Answer 19

Neoplasms
Primary corneal neoplasms are rare
Melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, hemangioma are more common

Question 20

Non neoplastic corneoscleral masses

Answer 20

Inflammatory - episclerokeratitis (NGE, Collie granulomas, ONF)
Epithelial inclusion cyst

Question 21

Sclera disorders

Answer 21

Can effect sclera forcally, diffusely or the sclera and cornea