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SS - Exam 3 > DX Tests For Derm > Flashcards

DX Tests For Derm Flashcards

1
Q

“The basics”

A

Skin scrapings
Flea combing /coat collection
Trichogram
Cytological exam
Bacterial culture & sensitivity
Wood’s lamp exam
Fungal culture
Skin biopsy

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2
Q

Skin scrapings

A

ID of ectoparasites are key
Sarcoptes
Demodex
Notoedres
Cheyletiella
Otodectes cyanotis
Trombicula

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3
Q

Importance for collecting Demodex canis

A

Living deeper in hair follicle under skin, this requires deeper scrapings or pressure. Capillary bleeding should occur

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4
Q

Sarcoptes, cheyletiella and deodex gatoi scraping

A

Broader scrapes or superficial

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5
Q

Magnification for skin scrapings

A

Low power, 4-10x magnification

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6
Q

Trichogram

A

ID for cheyletiella, Demodex and lice
Useful for diagnosing Dermatophytosis
Confirming pruritic condition
ID hair growth stage

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7
Q

Cytological exam

A

Useful for DX tools for
Pyoderma
Malassezia dermatitis
Otitis externa
Skin neoplasia
Inflammatory disease

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8
Q

Cytological exam - swab smear

A

Ears, exudative & moist lesions
Nail beds/folds

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9
Q

Impression smear is ideal for

A

Surface of intact exudative lesions
After lancing papules or pustules
Following crust removal

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10
Q

Scotch tape prep

A

Ideal for dry and waxy lesions
Lesions difficult to reach w a slide - toes etc

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11
Q

Fine needle aspiration

A

20-22 gauge with a 6-12 cc syringe
Used for nodules, tumor
Plaque or abscess
caution w suspected mast cell tumors

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12
Q

Yeast in Cytological exam

A

Malassezia pachydermatis
3-5um (comparable size to RBC)
0.5-1 yeast /oil immersion field is significant is taken from effected sight

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13
Q

Bacteria for Cytological exam

A

S. Pseudointermedius - most common
0.5-1.5um in size cocci
Normal in ears & skin, common w degenerate neutrophils

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14
Q

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa - cytology

A

Common in ear samples - always pathologic
High incidence of antibiotic resistance

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15
Q

Mycobacteria in cytology

A

Acid fast stains is ideal
Simonsiella - very large rods, 2-3mm wide
Inhabitants of the oral cavity, non pathologic
On skin, associated w licking

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16
Q

Fungal organisms - cytology

A

Dermatophyte spores
Subcutaneous & deep fungal organisms: cryptococcus, coccidioides, blastomycosis, sporotrichosis, histoplasmosis, phaeohyphomycosis, zygomycosis

17
Q

Inflammatory cells found on cytology

A

Neutrophils - degenerate, intracellular bacteria: pyoderma
Non-degenerate, no bacteria: pemphigus foliaceus, primary allergic reaction, irritant reaction

18
Q

Inflammatory cells - eosinophils

A

Parasitic disease
Hypersensitivity
Foreign body reaction - free keratin in dermis
Eosinophilic disease complex
Pemphigus foliaceus
Mast cell tumors
Sterile eosinophilic disease

19
Q

Monocyte inflammatory cells

A

Macrophages, lymphocytes
More chronic & deeper lesions
Macrophages markedly vacuolated & degenerated
Acid-fast for mycobacteria, grocotts methenamine silver (GMS) stain for fungal elements
Culture if degenerate neutrophils & no organisms

20
Q

Mast cells inflammatory cells

A

Sparse, parasitic, allergic diseases
High numbers = mast cell tumors

21
Q

Epithelial cells on cytology

A

Corneocytes (non-nucleated)
Keratinocytes (nucleated)
From surface skin samples, suggest parakeratosis (abnormal turnover, erosions)
Easy to confuse keratohyalin granules or melanin granules w bacteria

22
Q

Corneocytes appearence on stain

A

Often roll up into tube shaped structures which tend to stain dark purple

23
Q

Bacterial culture & sensitivity

A

Used for DX of pyoderma, otitis media/interna
These tests are important for antibiotic selection
*rod shaped bacteria are seen on skin/ear cytology
Good for intact pustules, epidermal collarettes, draining tracts, purulent discharge in ear canals

24
Q

Tissue culture for bacterial /fungal in skin

A

Plaques, nodular lesions, fistulous tracts
*disinfect skin, take biopsy, remove epidermis, culture for aerobic/anaerobic

25
Q

Woods lamp exam

A

Good for diagnosing Dermatophytosis
Affected hairs fluoresce APPLE GREEN
Individual hair shafts fluoresce
Scales/crust do not light up

26
Q

False +/- woods lamp exam

A

False negative: 50% of microsporum canis
Not all affected areas will exhibit fluorescence
Iodine destroys fluorescence
False positive: keratin, soap, petroleum, bacteria will fluoresce but not bright green

27
Q

Fungal culture

A

Most sensitive method for diagnosing Dermatophytosis

28
Q

Dermatophyte test medium (DTM)

A

Sabourauds dextrose agar
Cycloheximide (antifungal)
Gentamicin & chlortetracycline (antibacterial)
Phenol red (pH indicator)

29
Q

Fungal culture

A

Florescent hairs, broken hairs, scales & crusts are collected from lesion sites
Mackenzie brush technique to detect the asymptomatic carriers - sterile toothbrush
Comb whole body for 2-3 minutes
Incubate at 25-28*c for 3-4 weeks

SS - Exam 3 (28 decks)

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