Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SS - Exam 3 > Glaucoma > Flashcards

Glaucoma Flashcards

1
Q

Normal aqueous humor flow

A

Produced buy the ciliary body, actively secreted
Drainage w conventional outflow, uuveoscleral outflow
Production rate = drainage rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Normal intraocular pressure

A

Canine - 10-25mmHg
Feline - 15-25mmHg
Equine - 17-28mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Glaucoma

A

Multi factorial disease
Characterized by elevation of intraocular pressure incompatible with ocular health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Pathogenesis of glaucoma

A

Reduced aqueous humor drainage capacity
in all cases - Multiple potential mechanisms — 
Results in progressive IOP elevation — 
Irreversible vision loss through optic nerve and retinal ganglion cell death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Primary classification of glaucoma

A

Heritable, breed related abnormality of aqueous drainage angle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Secondary classification of glaucoma

A

Numerous causes of secondary drainage angle obstructions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Clinical signs of acute disease

A

Blepharospasm
Corneal edema
Episcleral injection
Dilated pupil
Variable vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Clinical signs with chronic disease

A

All acute signs are possible
Buphthalmos
Haabs striae - lines on cornea, breaking of descemetes membrane bc of stretching
Lens subluxation - related to stretching
Cupped optic nerve - damage from pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Canine primary glaucoma

A

Breed-related/hereditary condition
•  drainage angle abnormality
•  Bilateral disease potential - one eye typically affected first, second eye affected weeks to
months later

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Canine secondary glaucoma

A

Lens luxation — 
Uveitis — 
Hyphema — 
Intraocular neoplasia — 
Melanocytic glaucoma- terriers
Pigmentary uveitis - Golden retrievers
—Pseudophakia/Aphakia — 
Trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Feline glaucoma

A

Primary glaucoma is rare - Siamese, Persian, Burmese
Secondary glaucoma - similar causes as dogs, uveitis is most common cause**
aqueous humor misdirect - fluid goes backwards towards virtuous humor, unique to cats**

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Equine glaucoma

A

Primary is rare - minis or Appaloosa
Most cases secondary to equine recurrent uveitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Clinical signs of equine glaucoma

A

Usual insidious disease in EQ
Corneal edema - intermittent or persistent
Dilated pupil
Habb’s striae
Lens subluxation
Vision loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

DX for glaucoma

A

Signs
History
IOP measurement
Gonioscopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Tonometry

A

Measurement of IOP
Acceptable methods - rebound, applanation, indentation
Abnormalities - absolute numbers, differences in eyes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Role of tonometry

A

Primary DX for assessing glaucoma therapy
IOP varies during the day and from day to day

17
Q

Gonioscopy

A

Examination of drainage angle
Requires specialized lens
Helps determine likelihood of primary glaucoma based on angle morphology

18
Q

Goals of therapy

A

Maintenance of vision where possible
Patient comfort
Prophylaxis in “at risk” eyes

19
Q

Types of glaucoma treatment

A

Emergency management
Maintenance therapy
Salvage procedures

20
Q

Emergency management

A

Systemic hyperosmotic meds - IV mannitol, oral glycerin - quick but short acting
** contradicted for cardiovascular cases**
Topical prostaglandin analogue - Latanoprost

21
Q

Maintenance meds

A

CAI - carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Very effective drug class - used in all species for all forms of glaucoma w topical or systemic
ADR - GI upset, panting, lethargy

22
Q

Topical analogues

A

Mitotic and prostaglandin analogues - moderate, avoid if glaucoma is secondary to uveitis or anterior lens lux due to ocular side effects

23
Q

B-blockers

A

Topical drug for maintenance
Mildly effective, not adequate alone, side effects

24
Q

Medical prophylaxis

A

Significantly delays onset of disease in second eye of dogs w primary glaucoma
Meds : topical miotics, CAI or b blockers can help

25
Q

Treatment principles

A

Treat aggressively early in disease
Target IOP <20mmHg
DO NOT taper meds in “well controlled” cases
Consider surgery if available in early stages
Manage underlying ocular disease or secondary cause
** do not use atropine except in horses

26
Q

Surgical management

A

Decrease aqueous production
Cyclodestructive procedures - cyclophotocoagulation, cyclocryotherapy
Increase aqueous outflow - filter /shunts

27
Q

Prognosis for glaucoma

A

Long term vision - poor
Blind within several months, surgery could prolong
Salvage surgical procedures - consider blind eyes

28
Q

Salvage procedures

A

Enucleation
Evisceration/intrascleral prosthesis
Chemical ciliary body ablation

29
Q

Chemical ciliary body ablation

A

Intravitreal gentamicin injection
- 20-30mg +/- steroids
Blind eyes only
DO NOT puncture lens
Potential complications/not 100%

30
Q

Secondary glaucoma common in terriers

A

Melanocytic glaucoma

31
Q

Secondary glaucoma common in golden retrievers

A

Pigmentary uveitis

SS - Exam 3 (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions