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SS - Exam 3 > Alopecia 2 > Flashcards

Alopecia 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Inflammatory alopecia

A

Demodicosis
Bactieral infection
Dermatophytosis

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2
Q

Demodicosis

A

Caused by mites
Demodex canis, cati, gatoi
Normal skin flora from dam - EXCEPT gatoi
Proliforation of mites —> follicular inflammation = hair falls out spontaneously, predisposes to secondary deep pyoderma

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3
Q

Junvile onset for canine demodicosis

A

Juvenile or adolescent (first 18 months)
Treatment not required for localized form
May become generalized & requires treatment

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4
Q

adult onset of canine demodicosis

A

Develops spontaneously or due to underlying condition
Chronic steroid therapy
Hyperthyroidism
HyperADC
Chemotherapy
Requires treatment**

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5
Q

Localized - junvile demodicosis

A

<4 skin lesions ≤2.5cm
Erythema +/- gray hyperpigmentation
Comedones
Face and front limbs

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6
Q

Generalized - adult onset of demodicosis

A

≥5 skin lesions
+/- deep pyoderma
Furuncles (boils), draining tracts, lymphadopathy, fever, anorexia
Not pruruitc UNLESS - secondary pyoderma, host reaction to mites
Face, feet, dorsal trunk

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7
Q

Demodex injai

A

Long bodied mite species
Mainly in sebaceous glands/ducts
Common in terriers
Greasy coat on dorsal trunk

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8
Q

DX for injai

A

Deep skin scrapings - multiple sites
Trichogram - examine hair
Exudate exam - suppurative lesions
Tape impression + squeezing skin

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9
Q

TX for demodicosis

A

Mitaban - only approved, sedation, hypotension hypothermia
Ivermectin, moxidectin - neutro tox XX in MDR1
Milbemycin oxime - off label
Imidacloprid - off label

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10
Q

Prevention for demodicosis

A

Fluralaner - bravecto - off label
Afoxolaner - nexgard - off label
Sarolaner - simparica - off label
Lotilaner - credelio - off label
1/30d

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11
Q

When to stop treatment for demodicosis

A

Two scrapes - one month apart - both neg
Recurrence is common
“Cure” = one year without recurrence

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12
Q

Feline demodicosis

A

Demodex cati
Follicular mite, 2nd - steroids, FIV, FeLV)
Deep skin scrape
Oral ivermectin

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13
Q

Lesion for Demodex cati

A

Non pruritic alopecia patches
Alopecia, erythema, papules, mild pruritus
Mild scaling, follicular casting

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14
Q

Demodex gatoi

A

Pruritic & contagious mite**
Lives in stratum corneum
Only small might can be found
Superficial skin scrapes, fecal floats
Tx: lime sulfur dip

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15
Q

Skin lesions for Demodex gatoi

A

Pruritus, self induced alopecia, exocoriation, Miliary dermatitis, crusting,

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16
Q

Dermatophytosis

A

Caused by
Microsporum Canis (host —>cat)
Microsporum gypseum (geophilic —> soil)
Trichophyton mentagrophyts (host-> small mammal)

17
Q

Transmission of Dermatophytosis

A

Direct contact w infected host, fomites, contaminated enviro
Fungal spores are viable for moths
Young, old & immunosuppressed are at high risk

18
Q

Asymptomatic carriers of Dermatophytosis

A

Cats**

19
Q

lesions of Dermatophytosis

A

Patches of alopecia + erythema
Lesions can expend centrifugally
Pruritus: varies, depends on hosts immune reaction
Mild scaling or crushing
Focal, multifocal, generalized

20
Q

DX for Dermatophytosis

A

Woods lamp
Trichogram exam
Fungal culture
PCR

21
Q

Woods lamp

A

Microsporum canis is the species that will
fluoresce
Hair fluoresce with a green apple color at
their base
Lack of fluorescence does NOT rule out
dermatophytosis
Trichophyton mentagrophytes and
Microsporum gypseum do NOT fluoresce
Requires experience

22
Q

Trichogram exam

A

May reveal fungal spores and hyphae
Requires experience to recognize them

23
Q

Fungal culture

A

GOLD STANDARD**
Hair shaft and scales are inoculated onto
dermatophyte test medium (DTM)
A color change from yellow to red within 2-3
weeks indicates positive fungal culture
>97% of M. canis causes color change within
14 days
Saprophytic (non-pathogenic) fungi can also
cause color change, but usually after 4 weeks

24
Q

Importance of ID species in fungal culture

A

Other DX are not specific
Location & preventative measures need to be specific

25
Q

PCR

A

Advantage: Easy, results within 1-3 business
days
Results reported as positive/negative for DNA
of Microsporum spp. or Trichophyton spp
Method of sampling: hair plucks, skin scrape
and brushing of the hair coat with sterile toothbrush

26
Q

Shampoo for Dermatophytosis

A

Miconazole, ketoconazole, Terbinafine

27
Q

Dilute leave on solutions for Dermatophytosis

A

Enilconazole - not in US

28
Q

Systemic treatment for Dermatophytosis

A

Ketoconazole - GI, liver tox
Fluconazole - cheap, ex out kidney
Itraconazole - expensive
Terbinafine - cheap, least ADR
Griseofulvin - Myelosuppression

29
Q

Environment treamtnent of Dermatophytosis

A

Prevents spread of infection to susceptible
individuals (animals and human)
Prevents false positive DTM and PCR (due to
inoculation of spores from the contaminated environment
All bedding, brushes, rugs etc should be
discarded, or washed in 1:10 to 1:100 dilute
chlorine bleach

30
Q

Ischemia alopecia

A

Cells of lower hair follicles and epidermis
rely on diffusion O2 and nutrient from blood
vessels in the dermis
Disruption of blood supply results in hypoxia of
the cells which the vessels supply to
Skin lesions will vary and depends on the
1. Location (superficial vs deep)
2. Size of the vessel (large vs small)
3. Degree of disruption (partial vs complete occlusion)

31
Q

Vaccine associated alopecia

A

Etiology: vaccine-induced, most often rabies
Skin lesion: Alopecia at the site of vaccination, hyperpigmentation may be seen
Diagnosis: history, biopsy of the center of the alopecic lesion
Treatment: none, usually will spontaneously resolve (may recur with future vaccination)

32
Q

Dermatomyositis

A

Common is collies, Shetland sheepdogs

33
Q

Lesions of Dermatomyositis

A

alopecia, erosion, ulceration, scarring on face (muzzle and periocular), ears and tail tips

34
Q

Other signs of Dermatomyositis

A

muscle weakness/atrophy, regurgitation (megaesophagus)
Diagnosis: skin biopsies
Tx w immunosupprsions

35
Q

Generalized ischemic Dermatopathy

A

Etiology: unknown
Skin lesions: Nearly identical to those of dermatomyositis but more generalized
Other signs: lethargy, muscle weakness • Diagnosis: skin biopsies Treatment: cyclosporine (5-10mg/kg/day) +/- immunosuppressive dose of oral steroids,
pentoxifylline

SS - Exam 3 (28 decks)

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