Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

SS - Exam 3 > Disorders Of Orbit & Nasolacrimal System > Flashcards

Disorders Of Orbit & Nasolacrimal System Flashcards

1
Q

Bony fossa

A

Separates eye from cranial cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

foramina & fissures

A

Pathway of blood vessels & nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Size, shape & position - closely associated w time of visual activity & feeding behavior

A

Pig & carnivores - incomplete
Large herbivores - complete

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Orbital contents

A

Globe
Nicitans membrane
Glands
Fat
Extraocular muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Congenital anomalies

A

Anopthlamus
Microphthalmos
Synophthalmus
Cyclopia
Strabismus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Causes for microphthalmus

A

Hereditary
Merle ocular dysgenesis
Collie eye anomalies
Bovine viral diarrhea
Nutritional (hypovitaminosis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Congenital anomalies w non viable fetus

A

Synophthalmia
Anophthalmia
Cyclopia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Converging strabismus

A

Eyes meet at a point - nose
Bilateral converging strabismus w exophthalmia (BCSE)
Inherited in jersey, German cattle breeds
Inhereited in Siamese cats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Diverging strabismus

A

Eyes going in different directions
Hydrocephalus - sunset eyes
Considered normal in Brachycephalic breeds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Clinical signs for strabismus

A

Change in orbital volume (endo/exophthalmus)
Impaired function of orbital structures
Neuro ophthalmic exam, globe retropulsion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q
A

Unilateral cranial nerve V lesion
Orbital neoplasia
Large mineralized space occupying lesion
Age related loss of retrobulbar fat
Orbital fracture w eyelid lacteration
Bilateral Extraocular Polymyositis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Exophthalmus

A

Increased orbital volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Acquired disorders

A

Orbital cellulitis /abscess
Transoral abscess drainage
Sialoceles
MMM
Extraocular muscle myositits
Orbital neoplasia
Proptosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Orbital cellulitis

A

Acute, unilateral exophthalmos
Pain in globe retropulsion & mouth opening
Protrusion of 3rd eyelid
Conjunctival hyperemia, chemosis
Periocular swelling, mucopurulent discharge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Causes for orbital cellulitis

A

Penetrating wound through mouth
Foreign body
Tooth root abscess
Infection of zygomatic/salivary gland
Idiopathic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Treating orbital cellulitis

A

Drainage
Systemic broad spectrum antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Sialoceles

A

Cystic structures from glandular or epithelial tissues
Typically exophthalmos and protrusion of third eyelid
Minimal pain, fluctuating swelling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Causes of Sialoceles

A

Trauma of head
Leakage of saliva from zygomatic gland/duct
Ulceration of oral mucosa - obstruction of saliva outflow
Treat w removal of cysts and gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

DX of Sialoceles

A

Ultrasounds, ct
FNA of yellowish/ fluid and blood

20
Q

MMM

A

Eosinophilic myositis - IMM inflammatory myopathy
Temporalis, masseter, pterygoid muscles - 2M fibers
Acute phase - severe pain upon palpation, restricted jaw movements, anorexia, +/- blindness

21
Q

DX for MMM

A

CT, MRI, muscle biopsy

22
Q

TX for MMM

A

Oral corticosteroids
Immunomodulators for long term therapy
Endophthalmus & atrophy of muscles is common in chronic cases

23
Q

Extraocular muscle myositis

A

IMM inflammatory myopathy
- extra ocular disease
- CD3 lymphocytic infiltration
Bilateral exophthalmos w/out 3rd eyelid - not painful, retraction of upper eyelid

24
Q

DX for EMM

A

Ultrasound, CT, MRI - biopsy not ideal

25
Q

TX for EMM

A

Oral corticosteroids - treatment is shorter term than MMM
Endophthalmus and strabismus is common w chronic cases

26
Q

Orbital neoplasia

A

Primary neoplasia - arises from orbital tissue
Secondary neoplasia - invade orbit from adjacent structures or metastasize from distant areas
Slowly progressive exophthalmos - non painful, unilateral, decreased globe retropulsion, third eyelid elevation

27
Q

EX for orbital neoplasia

A

Lymph node evaluation
Ultrasound, CT, MRI

28
Q

Treatment for orbital neoplasia

A

Exenteration or enucleation
Palliative vs radiation

29
Q

Proptosis

A

Sudden, forward displacement of globe w entrapment of eyelids - trauma origin
Common in Brachycephalic Breeds due to shallow orbit
Cats w this condition, trauma requires greater force = poor prognosis

30
Q

TX of Proptosis

A

Globe replacement - tarsorrhaphy
Enucleation

31
Q

Prognosis for Proptosis

A

Vision = guarded to poor (20%)
Positive - PLR better long term prognosis
Two or more of the extra ocular muscles are avulsed - enucleation is recommended due to compromised nerve supply, blood supply ext
Hyphens - blood inside anterior chamber = guarded

32
Q

Nasolacrimal system

A

Thin walled conduit that drains the tear film from the eye into the nasal passages
Puncta - super and inferior
Canaliculi
Lacrimal sac
Nasolacrimal duct
Nasal puncta

33
Q

Pre corneal tear film (PTF)

A

Functions to maintain uniform corneal surface, remove debris, deliver oxygen to Avascular cornea, provision of Antimicrobials substances in eye

34
Q

Composition of PTF

A

Lipid - meibomian glands (outer layer)
Aqueous - lacrimal and third eyelid (middle layer)
Mucin - goblet cells in conjunctiva (closest to cornea)

35
Q

Quantitative tear film deficiencies

A

Tear film produced is not a balanced
KCS*

36
Q

Causes for quantitiative deficiency

A

Immune-mediated (most common)
• Congenital (alacrima, lacrimal gland hypoplasia)
• Infectious (canine distemper virus)
• Drug-induced (sulfonamides, atropine, topical anesthetics) • Iatrogenic (T.E gland removal) • Neurogenic (parasympathetic denervation)

37
Q

Qualitative deficiency

A

Premature evaporation of tears
• Lipid or mucin deficiency •

Causes
• Marginal blepharitis / meibomianitis
• Autoimmune diseases affecting
mucocutaneous junctions • Severe cicatrization / conjunctival scarring

38
Q

Testing for qualitiative tear film

A

Swollen rounded eyelid margins, indicating marginal blepharitis
Multiple chalazia indicating meibomiantitis
Positive uptake for rose bengal stain
Tear film breakup time test

39
Q

KCS

A

Intense hyperemia, mucopurulent discharge, keratitis
Mucopurulent discharge & extensive Pigmentary keratitis = chronic
Infected axial stromal ulcer, malacia, diffuse corneal edema
Neurogenic KCS - dry nose, ipsilateral xeromycteria

40
Q

Treating tear film deficiencies

A

Cholinergic agents
Immunomodulating agents
Tear substitutes
Antibacterial agents
Mucinolytic anticollagenese agents

41
Q

Cholinergic agents

A

For neurogenic KCS
Pilocarpine (topical/oral)

42
Q

Immunomoudlating agents

A

Topical cyclosporine
Topical tarcolimus

43
Q

Antibacterial agents

A

Broad spectrum use is common in inadequate cleansing of ocular surface

44
Q

Mucinolytic - anticollagenese agents

A

Topical acetylcysteine
Removal of mucous debris

45
Q

Epiphora

A

Common
Obstruction of tear flow through nasal lacrimal system due to over production of tears
Mucopurulent punctual, conjunctival and nasal discharge
Swelling of medial Cathay region

46
Q

Diagnosing epiphora

A

Schirmer test
Florescent dye passage
Flush NSL - normograde = eye to nose, retrograde = nose to eye
Cytology

47
Q

Nasolacrimal system disorders

A

Bilateral punctual atresia = marked epiphora
Superior punctual & canicular foreign body = darcryocytisis
Tear staining syndrome

SS - Exam 3 (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions