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Microbiology > Virsues > Flashcards

Virsues Flashcards

1
Q

What occurred before anyone understood what they were

A

Many epidemics of viral diseases

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2
Q

This was in the early 1700s
Inoculation of children with smallpox lesions
Observed Turkish women doing this

A

Lady Montague

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3
Q

This person published successful attempts to prevent smallpox by exposure to cowpox
Occurred in 1798

A

Edward Jenner

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4
Q

Developed porcelain bacteria filters used later in virus discovery
1884

A

Charles Chamberland

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5
Q

Discovered the causative agent of tabacco disease passed through bacterial filters
1892

A

Dimitri Ivanowski

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6
Q

Causative agent of tabacco disease was infectious after filtration
Referred agent as filterable virus
1898

A

Martinis Beijernick

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7
Q

Discovered hoof and mouth disease

A

Loeffler

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8
Q

Discovered yellow fever caused by filterable virus and mosquitos

A

Walter Reed

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9
Q

First to isolate viruses that infect bacteria

1915

A

Frederick Twort

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10
Q

What are some general characteristics of viruses

A

Non living entities(not considered organisms)

Contain a single type of nucleic acid

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11
Q

Can viruses infect organisms of all life forms

A

Yes but they can’t reproduce outside the host

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12
Q

What is a complete virus particle

A

Virion

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13
Q

What does the virion consist of

A

Nucleic avid and protein coat

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14
Q

What is the term of the protein coat and what is it composed of

A

Capsid and it is composed of capsomers

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15
Q

What’s does the capsid do

A

Protect genome and aids in transfer of cells

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16
Q

What do the virion spikes attach to

A

Appropriate cells

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17
Q

What are sometimes included within the capsid

A

Enzymes

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18
Q

What may virions be

A

Naked(without envelope) and enveloped (surrounded by lipid membrane)

19
Q

This is surrounded by same viruses

Lipid and carbohydrates usually derived from host

A

Viral envelope

20
Q

These are proteins in envelope that are virus specific

A

Peplomers(spikes)

21
Q

Describe viral replication

A

Only multiply inside metabolizing cell
Each virus contains info to make viral proteins, assure replication, and move in/out of cells
Two phases

22
Q

What are the two phases of viral replication

A

Extra cellular and intracellular

23
Q

Metabolically inert

A

Extracellular

24
Q

Metabolically active

A

Intracellular

25
Q

Describe the size of viruses

A

Very small in comparison to living things

Range in size and complexity

26
Q

These are hollow tubes with proteins

Attaches to RNA and cover

27
Q

These have 20 sides and are typical virus shape
Some are structurally complex
12 vertices

A

Icosahedral

28
Q 
T-4 bacteriophage 
Robot like
To get through cell wall
Head=nucleic acid
Tail fibers interact with bacteria
29
Q 
Showed up in small pox virus
Does not cause diseases 
Appears like cowpox virus
No capsid
Enveloped
Outer structure
A

Vaccinia virus

30
Q

The shape of the virus is determined by its

A

Capsid and nucleic acid(determines shape of capsid)

31
Q

What is bacteriophage classification based on

A

Phage morphology and nucleic acid properties

32
Q

Describe bacteriophage interactions with host cell

A

Depends on infecting phage
Some multiply inside cell
Some phage integrate into host genome

33
Q

Phages that multiply inside the cell produce what

A

Numerous progeny

34
Q

This is the life cycle that culminates with host cell bursting, releasing virus particles

A

Lytic cycle

35
Q

Phages that lose their host during the reproductive cycle

A

Virulent phages

36
Q

During this the phage collide by chance with bacteria

Base plate with spikes settles on surface of bacterium

A

Adsoprtion/ attachment

37
Q

What are the receptor sites in attachment

A

Specific surface structures on host to which virus attach
Specific for each virus
Can be proteins, lipopolysaccharides, teichoic acids

38
Q

During this bacterial viruses inject the nucleic acid into the host through the cell wall

A

Penetration

39
Q

Broad schema of virus reproduction

A

Landing-attachment-tail contraction-penetration/unplugging-DNA injection

40
Q

What remains outside of the host cell

41
Q

Bacterium is infected with an experimentally constricted bacteriophage composed of T2 phage protein coat and T4 phage DNA. The new phages produced would be

A

T4 protein and T4 DNA (DNA controls what is being made)

42
Q

Duplication of viral components is a sequential process
Virus will inhibit activity of the host DNA
Viral DNA takes over and begins transcribing mRNA

43
Q

During this the protein structures of phages are synthesized independently
Replicated components are made into mature virus

44
Q

T4 lysis I’d host brought about by several proteins

Host cell bursts and releases viruses to outside

A

Release of phage particles

Microbiology (26 decks)

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