Metabolism Part 1

Question 1

the sum total of all chemical reactions occurring in the cell

Answer 1

metabolism

Question 2

breakdown of larger complex molecules into smaller ones, energy is released

Answer 2

catabolism

Question 3

the synthesis of complex molecules from simpler ones using energy

Answer 3

anabolism

Question 4

occur as a series of chemical reactions using intermediates to convert the starting molecules to products

Answer 4

metabolic pathways

Question 5

these make reactions of life possible at livable temperatures
also mediate the steps in metabolic pathways

Answer 5

enzymes

Question 6

what are the enzymes doing

Answer 6

acting as catalysts

catalyze reaction by lowering activation energy

Question 7

energy required to form transition state complex

Answer 7

activation energy

Question 8

are enzymes consumed in reactions

Answer 8

no

Question 9

this is the region where the substrate(s) attach

Answer 9

active site

Question 10

enzyme conformation changes as substrates enter, closing around substrates

Answer 10

induced fit

Question 11

how are enzymes classified

Answer 11

based on the type of chemical reaction catalyzed

Question 12

Non protein component needed for functioning enzyme

Ex/ magnesium, zinc, copper

Answer 12

Cofactors

Question 13

Organic cofactors
Act as carriers for molecules or electrons
Not as specific as enzymes
May act with numerous enzymes

Answer 13

Coenzymes

Question 14

What are the three regulation

Answer 14

Non competitive inhibition
Competitive inhibition
Feedback inhibition

Question 15

Inhibitor and substrate act on different enzyme sites

Allosteric vs feedback inhibition

Answer 15

Non competitive inhibition

Question 16

Inhibitor competes for active site with the substrate

Inhibitor is structurally similar to the substrate

Answer 16

Competitive inhibition

Question 17

Product of a series of enzyme controlled reactions

Inhibits the first enzyme in the pathway

Answer 17

Feedback inhibition

Question 18

What is the capacity to do work

Answer 18

Energy

Question 19

Exists as potential and kinetic energy

Microbes use various energy sources (light, organic and inorganic molecules)

Answer 19

Harvesting energy

Question 20

This releases energy

Example is burning sugar

Answer 20

Exergonic reactions

Question 21

Use energy to produce the products

Answer 21

Endergonic reactions

Question 22

What is the currency of the cell

Answer 22

ATP

Question 23

Where is energy held

Answer 23

I’m high energy bonds between phosphate groups

Question 24

Production of ATP

Answer 24

1) substrate level phosphorylation
2) oxidative phosphorylation
3) photophos phorylation

Question 25

This uses chemical energy to add phosphate ion to molecules of ADP

Answer 25

Substrate level phosphorylation

Question 26

Uses energy from proton motive force to add phosphate ion to ADP

Answer 26

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 27

Utilized radiant energy from sun to convert phosphorylation ADP to ATP

Answer 27

Photophosphorylation

Question 28

These are reactions in which there is a transfer of one or more electrons between reactant molecules

Answer 28

Oxidation reduction reactions

Question 29

A molecule on which electrons are parked

Transport energy from one point in the cell to another

Answer 29

Electron carriers

Question 30

What are the three important electron carriers

Answer 30

NAD+
FAD
NADP+

Question 31

What are the three key pathways

Answer 31

Glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, tricarboxcylic acid cycle

Question 32

What are the central pathways

Answer 32

Catabolic

Question 33

Pathways modify organic molecules to form what

Answer 33

High energy intermediates to synthesize ATP
intermediates to generate reducing power
Intermediates and end products as precursor metabolites

Question 34

What is glycolysis also called

Answer 34

Embden myerhoff pathway

Question 35

In general what does glycolysis do

Answer 35

Oxidizes glucose to two molecules of pyruvate

Question 36

What are the two phases of glycolysis

Answer 36

Preparation and energy harvest

Question 37

During this add two phosphates from ATP to 6 carbon sugar

I’m bacteria, first ATP added during group transports through membrane

Answer 37

Preparation

Question 38

Two 3C molecules rearranged to pyruvate

Each produces 2 ATP and 1 NADH

Answer 38

Energy harvest