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Microbiology > Pathogenicity > Flashcards

Pathogenicity Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

a symbiont that harms or lives at the expense of its

host

A

Parasitic organism

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2
Q

lives on surface of host

A

ectoparasite

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3
Q

lives within host

A

endoparasite

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4
Q 
host on (or in) which parasite either gains sexual
maturity or reproduces
A

final host

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5
Q

serves as temporary but essential environment for

some stage of parasite’s development

A

intermediate host

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6
Q

is not necessary for development but serves as

vehicle for reaching final host

A

transfer host

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7
Q

nonhuman organism infected with a parasite that

can also infect humans

A

reservoir host

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8
Q

growth and multiplication of parasite on or within

host

A

infection

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9
Q

disease resulting from infection

A

infectious disease

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10
Q

any parasitic organism that causes infectious

disease

A

pathogen

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11
Q

ability of pathogen to cause disease

A

pathogenicity

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12
Q

Measure of the degree or intensity of pathogenicity

A

virulence

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13
Q

Determined by three characteristics of the pathogen

A

virulence

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14
Q

what are the three characteristics that determine virulence

A

infectivity, invasiveness, and pathogenic potential

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15
Q

ability to establish focal point of infection

A

infectivity

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16
Q

ability to spread to adjacent cells or other

tissues

A

invasiveness

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17
Q

degree to which pathogen can cause damage

to host

A

pathogenic potential

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18
Q

what is the major aspect of pathogenic potential

A

toxigenicity

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19
Q

what is virulence correlated to

A

mode of transmission and survival in external environment

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20
Q

what often control expression of

virulence genes

A

environmental factors

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21
Q

number of pathogens that will kill 50% of an

experimental group of hosts

A

lethal dose 50

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22
Q

number of pathogens required to infect 50% of an

experimental group of hosts

A

infectious dose 50

23
Q

All bacterial pathogens must have at least one

A

reservoir

24
Q

examples of direct contact

A

coughing, sneezing, body contact

25
Q

living organisms that transmit pathogen

A

vectors

26
Q

inanimate objects that harbor and transmit

pathogens

A

fomites

27
Q

attachment is mediated by special molecules

or structures

A

adhesins or ligands

28
Q

what do adhesins bind to

A

receptors on host cells

29
Q

Establishment of a site of microbial reproduction on or

within host

A

colonization

30
Q

presence of viable bacteria in blood

A

bacteremia

31
Q

presence of bacteria or their

toxins in bloodstream

A

septicemia

32
Q

what are the steps of a pathogen entering a host

A

colonization, invasion, growth/multiplication, and leave

33
Q

diseases that result from entry of a specific preformed

toxin into host

A

Intoxications

34
Q

substance that alters the normal
metabolism of host cells with negative effects on
host

A

toxin

35
Q

two types of toxins of bacteria

A

endotoxins and exotoxins

36
Q

soluble, heat liable proteins that are
usually released into the surroundings as the bacteria
grow

A

exotoxins

37
Q

the LPS of gram negative bacteria

A

endotoxins

38
Q

Synthesized by specific bacteria
Heat liable proteins
Among the most lethal substances known
Easily inactivated by chemicals

A

exotoxins

39
Q

types of exotoxins

A

Neurotoxins, Enterotoxins, and Cytotoxins

40
Q

Usually ingested as preformed toxins

target nerve tissue

A

neurotoxins

41
Q

target intestinal mucosa

elicit profuse fluid secretion

A

enterotoxins

42
Q

Specific toxic action on cells/tissues of specific

organs

A

cytotoxins

43
Q

what is the A subunit of AB exotoxins responsible for

A

for toxic effect

44
Q

what is the B subunit of AB exotoxins do

A

binds to target cell

45
Q

kill phagocytic leukocytes

A

leukocidins

46
Q

kill erythrocytes, leukocytes, and many other cells

A

hemolysins

47
Q

Removes charged head of phospholipid

Destabilizes the membrane

A

Phospholipases

48
Q

Nonspecifically stimulate T-cells
Cause release of massive quantities of cytokines
Results in systemic toxicity in host
Suppression of specific immune response

A

Superantigens

49
Q 
Toxic portion of LPS is Lipid A
Heat stable
Toxic only at high doses
Weakly immunogenic
produce systematic effects
A

Endotoxins

50
Q

bring about effects indirectly
interacts with host molecules and cells,
activating host systems

A

endotoxins

51
Q

series of proteins circulating in blood and fluids
circulate in inactive form
over 30 proteins known

A

complement system

52
Q

complement system destroys microbes via

A

inflammation, cytolysis, phagocytosis

53
Q

Evade the complement system by

A

capsules, lengthened O chains, and serum resistance

Microbiology (26 decks)

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