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FA-Microbiology > Virology (HIV) > Flashcards

Virology (HIV) Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 structural genes in HIV

define function

A
  • env (gp120 & gp41)
    • Formed from cleaveage of gp160 to form envelope glycoproteins
    • gp120 attachment to host CD4+ T cell
    • gp 41 fusion and entry
  • gag (p24)
    • capsid protein
  • pol
    • reverse transcriptase,aspartate protease, integrase
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2
Q

Reverese trancriptase

define role in HIV

A
  • synthesis dsDNA from RNA
  • dsDNA incorporates into host genome
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3
Q

HIV virus binds to what on Tcells and Macrophages

A
  • T cells
    • CCR5 (early) and CXCR4 (late) co-receptor and CD4 on Tcell
  • Macrophages
    • CCR5 and CD4
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4
Q

define the type of mutation that causes slow infection of HIV and immunity against HIV.

A
  • Heterozygous CCR5 mutation
    • slow course
  • Homozygous CCR5 mutation
    • immunity
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5
Q

HIV diagnosis

  • Test that is used to screen and confirm
  • test that detemine viral load
  • AIDS diagnosis
  • HIV-+ w/AIDS defining condition
A
  • Tests
    • screenings: ELIZA
    • confirmatory: Western blot
  • Viral load test
    • HIV PCR/viral load tests determine the amt of viral RNA in the plasma
    • High viral load assoc w/poor prognosis
    • Also use viral load to monitor effect of drug therapy
  • AIDS diagnosis <200 CD4+ cells/mm3 (norm: 500-15000)
  • Pneumocysitis pneuomina or CD4 percentage <14
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6
Q

ELISA./westernblot tests look for antibodies to viral proteins; these tests often are falsely negative in the first 1-2 months of HIV infection

what happens to babies of infected moms

A

Falsely positive initally in babies born to infected mothers (anti-gp120 crosses the pacenta)

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7
Q

What are the fours stages of untreated infection of HIV

Where does the latent phase replicate?

A
  • Fours stages
    • Flu like (acute)
    • Feeling fine (latent)
    • Falling count
    • Final crisis
  • During latent phase, virus replicates in lymph nodes.
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8
Q

common disease of HIV-positive adults

As CD4+ count dec, risk of reactivation of past infections (TB, HSV, shingles), dismination of bacterial infeciton adn fungal infection (coccidioidmycosis) and non-hodgkin lymphomas

A

increase

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9
Q

define the pathogen

clinical presentation: low grade fevers, cough, hepatosplenomegaly, tongue ulcer

Findings: oval yeasts cells w.in macrophages, CD4+ <100 cell/,,3

A

Histoplasm capsulatum (causes only pulmonary symptoms in immunocompetent host)

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10
Q

define the pathogen

clinical presentation: fluffy white cottage cheese lesions

  • Findings:
    • pseudohyphae commonly oral if CD4+<400 c/mm3
    • esophageal if CD4+ <100 c/mm3
A

C. albicans (causes oral thrush and esophagitis)

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11
Q

define the pathogen

  • clinical presentation: hairy leukoplakia
  • Findings: often on lateral tongue
A

EBV

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12
Q

define the pathogen

  • clinical presentation: superficial vascular proliferation
  • Findings: biopsy reveals neuotrophilic inflammation
A

Bartonella henselase (causes bacillary angiomatosis)

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13
Q

define the pathogen

  • clinical presentation: Chronic, watery, diarrhea
  • Findings: Acid-fast cysts seen in stool especially when CD4+ <200 c/mm3
A

Cryptosporiidium spp.

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14
Q

define the pathogen

  • clinical presentation: abscesses
  • Findings: Many ring-enhancings lesions on imaging, CD4+ < 100 cels/mm3
A

Toxoplasma gondii

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15
Q

define the pathogen

  • clinical presentation: Dementia
  • Findings: Must differentiate from other causes
A

Directly associated with HIV

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16
Q

define the pathogen

  • clinical presentation: encephalopathy
  • Findings: Due to reactive of a latent virus, results in demyelination, CD4+ <200 c/mm3

describe the morphology as well

A

JC virus reactivation (cause of PML)

  • Polyomaviridae virus*
  • dsDNA, naked, isohedrical*
17
Q

define the pathogen

  • clinical presentation: meningitis
  • Findings: india ink stain reveals yeast with narrow based budding and large capsule, CD4+ <5- c/mm3
A

Crytococcus neoformans

18
Q

define the pathogen

  • clinical presentation: retinitis
  • Findings: cotton-wool spots, on fundoscopic exam and may also occur w/esophagitis, CD4+ <50 cells/mm3
19
Q

define the pathogen

  • clinical presentation: Non-hodgkin lymphoma (lg cell type)
  • Findings: often on oropharynx (Waldeyer ring)
A

Maybe assoc w/ EBV

20
Q

define the pathogen

  • clinical presentation: Primary CNS lymphoma
  • Findings: Focal or multiple, differentiate from toxoplasmosis
A

Often assoc w/EBV

21
Q

define the pathogen

  • clinical presentation: SCC
  • Findings: Often in anus (men who have sex w/men)
A

HPV

non enveloped, dsDNA ,circular

22
Q

define the pathogen

clinical presentation: superficial neoplastic prolifetaion of vasculature

Findings: Biopsy reveals lymphocytic inflammation

A

HHV-8 (causes Kaposi sarcoma) do not confuse w/bacilary angiomatosis caused by B. henselae.

Herpesvirsu, enveloped, DS linear

23
Q

define the pathogen

  • clinical presentation: Intestitial pneumonia
  • Findings: biopsy reveals cells w/intranuclear (owl eye) inclusion bodies
A

CMV

Herpesvirus enveloped dsDna linear

24
Q

Define the pathogen

  • Clinical presentation: invasive aspergiolosis
  • Findings: pleuritic pain, hemoptysis, infiltrates on imaging
A

Aspergillus fumigatus

25
Q

define the pathogen

  • clinical presentation: pneumocystis pneumonia
  • Findings: especially w/CD4+ <200 c/mm3 ground glass appearacne on imaging
A

Pneumocystis jirovecii

26
Q

define the pathogen

  • clinical presentation: Pneumonia
  • Findings: Generally w/CD4+ >200 c/mm3
A

S. pneumoiniae

27
Q

define the pathogen

  • clinical presentation: tuberculosis like disease
  • Findings: especially w/CD4+ <50 c/mm3
A

Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare

also know as Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)

28
Q

What pathogens are assoc with HIV

systemic presentation

A

histoplasma capsulatum

29
Q

What pathogens are assoc with HIV

Dermatologic

A

C. albicans

EBV

Bartonella henselae

30
Q

What pathogens are assoc with HIV

GI

A

Cryptosporidium spp

31
Q

What pathogens are assoc with HIV

Neurologic

A
  • Toxoplasma gondii
  • JC virus (cause of PML)
  • Cryptococcus neoformans
  • CMV
32
Q

What pathogens are assoc with HIV

Oncologic

A

EBV, HPV, HHV-8

33
Q

What pathogens are assoc with HIV

Respiratory

A
  • CMV
  • Aspergillus fumigatus
  • Pneumocytis jirovecii
  • S. pneumoniae
  • MAC (mycobacterium avium intracellulare
34
Q

prion disease

  • MOA
  • resisits degradation by what
  • accumulation of PrPsccan cause what
  • what are the sporadic disease
    • rapidly progressive
    • inherited
    • Acquired
A
  • prior disease are caused by the conversion of a normal (predominalty alpha-helical) protein termed prior protein PrPR c to a B-pleated form PrPscwhich is transmissible
  • accumulation: spongiform encephalophathy, dementia, ataxia and death!
  • Spradic
    • RP: Creutzfeldt jakob disease
    • I: Gerstmann-staussler-scheinker syndrome
    • A: kuru

FA-Microbiology (38 decks)

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