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FA-Microbiology > Virology (basics) > Flashcards

Virology (basics) Flashcards

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1
Q

viral genetics

Define the term

exchange of genes between 2 chromosomes by crossing over within regions of sig bas seq homology

A

Recombination

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2
Q

viral genetics

When viruses with segmented genomes (e.g. influenza virus) exchange segments. High-freq recombination.

Cause world wide influenza pandemics

A

Reassortment

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3
Q

Viral genetics

when 1 or 2 viruses that infect the cell has a mutation that results in a nonfunctional protein.

The nonmutated virus ‘complements’ the mutated one by making a functional protein that serves both viruses.

A

complementation

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4
Q

Viral genetics

Occurs w/simultaneous infection of a cell with 2 viruses. Genome of virus A can be partially or completely coated (forming pseudovirion) w/the surface proteins of virus B.

Type B protein coat determines the tropism (infectivity) of the hybrid virus. However, the progeny from this infection have a type A coat that is encoded by its genetic material

A

Phenotypic mixing

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5
Q

Define the 3 types of vaccines

A
  • Live attenuated
  • Killed
  • Recombinant
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6
Q

What does live attenuated vaccine cause taht killed./inactive vacccines dont?

A
  • Live attenuated
    • induce humoral + cell mediated immunity
    • but have reverted to virulence on rare occasion
  • Killed/inactivated
    • induce humoral immunity but are stable
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7
Q

give examples of live attenuated vaccines

A
  • Small pox
  • Yellow fever
  • Chicken pox (VZV)
  • Sabin polio virus (UC)
  • MMR
  • Influenza (intranasal)

Live! One night only! See small yellow chickens get vaccinated with Sabin and MMR! _its inc_redible

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8
Q

What is it worth noting about live attenuated vaccines?

  • booster req?
  • who do you not give it to?
A
  • No booster needed for live attenuated vaccines
  • Dangerous to give live vaccines to immunocompromised pts or their close contacts
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9
Q

When can MMR be given to HIV pts?

A
  • live attenuated vaccine MMR can be give to HIV patients who do not show signs of immunodeficiency.
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10
Q

Name the killed vaccines.

SALK=Killed

RIP Always

A
  • Rabies, Influenza (injected), Salk Polio, and HAV vacccines.
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11
Q

Name the 2 recombinant vaccines

A
  • HBV (antigen= recombinant HBsAg),
  • HPV (types 6,11, 16, & 18)
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12
Q

DNA viral genomes

  • all DNA virus are _ _
  • expect for Parvoviridae are _ ._
  • All are linear except for _ , _ , _ ._

Parvus= small

A
  • dsDNA
  • ssDNA
  • Papilloma, polyoma, hepadenaviruses (circular)

All are dsDNA (like our cells), except part of a virus (parvovirus) which is ssDNA.

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13
Q

RNA viral genomes

  • All RNA virus except reoviridae are _ ._
  • Positive stranded RNA viuses
A
  • dsRNA
  • Retrovirus, togavirus, flavivirus, Coronavirus, flavivirus, hepevirus, calicivirus, picornavirus

I went to a retro (retovirus), toga (togavirus) party, where I drank flavored (flavivirus) Corona (coronavirus), and ate hippy (hepevirus), california (calicivirus) pickles (picornavirus).

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14
Q
  • Purified nucleic acids of most dsDNA (except poxviruses and HBV) and + strand ssRNa (mRNA) are _ ._
  • Naked nucleic acids of neg strand ssRNA and dsRNA viruses are _ ._
    • The required _ _ contained in the complete virion.
A
  • infectious
  • non-infectious
  • polymerases
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15
Q
  • All DNA viruses replicated in the _ _
    • ​ except for _ _
  • _​_All RNA viruses replicate in the _ _
    • except for _ _& _ _
A
  • nucleus
    • poxvirus
  • cytoplasm
    • influenza virus & retrovirus
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16
Q

viral envelopes

Naked (non enveloped viruses included

Give PAPP smears and CPR to a naked Heppy

A
  • DNA
    • Papillomavirus
    • Adenovirus
    • Parvovirus
    • Polymavirus
  • RNA
    • Calicivirus
    • Picornavirus
    • Reovirus
  • Heppy
    • Hepevirus
17
Q

viral envelopes

  • Enveloped viruses acquire their envelopes from _ _ when they exit the cell.
  • Exceptions include herpesvirus, which acquire envelopes from _ _.
A
  • plasma membrane
  • nuclear membrane
18
Q

all DNA viruses

are HHAPPPPy viruses

A
  • Hepadna, Herpes, Adeno, Pox, Parvo, Papilloma, Polyoma
19
Q

All DNA virues are

Double stranded except:

A

parvovirus (single stranded)

20
Q

All DNA viruses are linear except for (3)

A
  • Papilloma, polyoma (circular, supercoiled)
  • Hepadna (circular incomplete)
21
Q

All DNA viruses

are icoshedral except:

A

poxvirus

22
Q

All DNA viruses

replicated in the nucleus except _ _

(and why can it replicated outside of nucleus?)

A

pox (carries own DNA dependent RNA polymerase)

FA-Microbiology (38 decks)

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