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FA-Microbiology > Bugs with exotoxins > Flashcards

Bugs with exotoxins Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Define the bugs that inhibit protein synthesis

A
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  • (EHEC) Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (including O157:H7 strain)
  • Shigella
  • Corynebacterium diphtheriae
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2
Q

Define the bugs that increase fluid secretion

A
  • Bacilus anthracius
  • ETEC (eterotoxigenic E. coli)
  • Vibrio cholerae
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3
Q

Define the bugs that inhibit phagocytic ability

A
  • Bordetella pertussis
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4
Q

Define the bug that inhibits the release of neurotransmitters

A
  • Clostridium tetani
  • Clostridium botulinum
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5
Q

Define the bug that lyse cell membrane

A
  • Clostriudium perfringens
  • Streptococcus pyogenes
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6
Q

Define the bugs that produce the superantigens that cause shock

A
  • Staphylococcus aureus
  • Streptococcus pyogenes
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7
Q

Presentation:

Pharyngitis with pseudomembranes in throat and severe lymphadenopathy (bull neck)

Define

  • Bacteria
  • MOA
  • Toxin
A

Define

  • Bacteria: Corynebacterium diphtheriae
  • MOA: Inhibits elongation factor EF-2
  • Toxin: diphtheria toxin (Toxin is an ADP ribosylating A-B toxin)
    • B (binding) component binds to host cell surface4 receptor, enabling endocytois
    • A (active) component attaches ADP-ribosyl to disrupt host cell proteins.
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8
Q

Presentation:

Host cell death

Define

  • Bacteria
  • MOA
  • Toxin
A

Define

  • Bacteria: Pseudomonas aerginosa
  • MOA: Inhibits EF-2
  • Toxin: Exotoxin A (Toxin is an ADP ribosylating A-B toxin)
    • B (binding) component binds to host cell surface receptor, enabling endocytosis
    • A (active) compnent attaches ADP-ribosyl to disrupt host cell proteins.
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9
Q

Presentation:

GI mucosal damage–> dysentery; ST also enhances cytokine release, causing hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)

Define

  • Bacteria
  • MOA
  • Toxin
A

Define

  • **Bacteria: **Shigella
  • MOA: Inactivates 60S ribosome by removing adenine from rRNA
  • Toxin: Shigella toxin (ST)
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10
Q

Presentation:

SLT enhances cytokine release, causing HUS; unlike Shigella, _ _does not invade host cells.

Define

  • Bacteria
  • MOA
  • Toxin
A

Define

  • **Bacteria: **EHEC
  • MOA: inhibits 60 S ribosome by removeing adenine from rRNA.
  • Toxin: Shiga-like toxin (SLT)
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11
Q

Presentation:

Watery diarrhea, labile in teh Air (Adenylate cyclase), stable on the ground (Guanylate cyclase)

Define

  • Bacteria
  • MOA
  • Toxin
A

Define

  • Bacteria: ETEC
  • MOA:
    • LT: overactivates adenylate cyclase (inc cAMP) –> inc Cl- secretion in gut and H2O efflux
    • ST; overactivates guanylate cyclase (inc cGMP) –> dec resorption of NaCl and H2O in gut.
  • Toxin:
    • Heat labile toxin (LT) ADP-ribosylating A-B toxin
    • **Heat stable toxin (ST) **
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12
Q

Presentation:

Likely responsible for characterisitc edematous borders of black eschar in cutaneous anthrax

Define

  • Bacteria
  • MOA
  • Toxin
A

Define

  • **Bacteria: **Bacillus anthracis
  • MOA: Mimic adenylate cyclase enzyme (inc cAMP)
  • Toxin: Edema factor
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13
Q

Presentation:

Voluminous ‘rice water’ diarrhea

Define

  • Bacteria:
  • MOA:
  • Toxin:
A

Presentation:

Define

  • **Bacteria: **Vibrio Cholera
  • MOA: Overactivates adenylate cyclase (inc cAMP) by permanently activating Gs –> inc of Cl- secretion and H2O efflux
  • **Toxin: **Cholera toxin
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14
Q

Presentation:

Child coughs on expiration and ‘whoops’ on inspiration (toxin may not actually be a cause of cough, can cause 100 day cough in adults)

Define

  • Bacteria
  • MOA
  • Toxin
A

Define

  • Bacteria: Bordetella pertussis
  • **MOA: **Overactivates adenylate cyclase (inc cAMP) by disabling Gi, impairing phagocytosis to permit survival of micobe
  • Toxin: Pertussis toxin
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15
Q

Presentation:

Spasticity, risus sardonicus, and ‘lockjaw’

Define

  • Bacteria
  • MOA
  • Toxin
A

Define

  • Bacteria: Clostridium tetani
  • **MOA: **
    • Protease that cleaves SNARE proteins required for neurotransmitter release
    • Toxin prevents release of inhibtiory (GABA and Glycine) neurotransmitters from Renshaw cells in spinal cord.
  • Toxin: Tetanospasmin
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16
Q

Presentation:

Flaccid paralysis, floppy baby

Define

  • Bacteria
  • MOA
  • Toxin
A

Define

  • Bacteria: Clostridium botulinum
  • **MOA: **
    • Protease that cleave SNARE proteins required for neurotransmitter release
    • Toxin prevents release of stimulator (ACh) signals, at neuromuscular junction–> flaccid paralysis.
  • **Toxin: **Botulinum toxin
17
Q

Presentation:

Degradation of phospholipids –> myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis (double zone of hemolysis on blood agar)

Define

  • Bacteria
  • MOA
  • Toxin
A

Define

  • Bacteria: Clostridium perfringens
  • MOA: Phospholipase (lecithinase) that degrads tissue and cell membranes
  • Toxin: Alpha toxin
18
Q

Presentation:

Lyses RBCs, contiributes to the beta-hemolysis; host antibodies against toxin (ASO) used to diagnose rhematic fever (do not confuse with immune complexes of poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis)

Define

  • Bacteria
  • MOA
  • Toxin
A

Define

  • Bacteria: Streptococcus pyogenes
  • MOA: Protein that degrades cel membrane
  • Toxin: Streptolysin O
19
Q

Presentation:

Toxic shock syndrome; fever rash, shock; other toxins cause scalded skin syndrome (exfoliate toxin) and food posioning (enterotoxin)

Define

  • Bacteria
  • MOA
  • Toxin
A

Define

  • Bacteria: Staphylococcus auerus
  • MOA: Bring MHC II and TCR in proximity to outside of antigen binding site to cause overwhelming release of IFN-gamma and IL-2 –> shock
  • **Toxin: **TSST-1 toxic shock syndrome toxin
20
Q

Presentation:

Toxic shock syndrome; fever, rash, shock

Define

  • Bacteria
  • MOA
  • Toxin
A

Define

  • Bacteria: Streptococcus pyogenes
  • **MOA: **Bring MHC II and TCR in proximity to outside of antigen binding site to cause overwhelming release of IFN-gamma and IL-2 –> shock
  • Toxin: Exotoxin A

FA-Microbiology (38 decks)

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