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FA-Microbiology > Anti-viral drugs > Flashcards

Anti-viral drugs Flashcards

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1
Q

Which anti-viral therapy is assoc with inhibiting fusion of the virus?

A
  • Attachment
    • Maraviroc
  • Penetration
    • Enfuvirtide
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2
Q

Which anti-viral therapy inhibit reverse transcriptase

A
  • NRTIs
    • Nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors
    • TDF (tenofovir), FTC (Emtricitabine), ABC (Abacavir), 3TC (Lamivudine), ZDV (Zidovudine, formally AZT), ddl (didanosine), d4t (Stavudine)
  • NNRTIs
    • Non-nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors
    • Nevirapine, Efavirenz, Delavirdine
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3
Q

Which anti-viral therapy inhibits integrase

A

Raltegravir

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4
Q

Which anti-viral therapy is a protease inhibitor?

A
  • navir
  • Lopinavir, atazanavir, darunavir, fosamprenavir, saquinavir, ritonavir, indianvir
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5
Q

Which anti-viral therapy causes protein synthesis inhibtion?

A

Interferon-alpha

(treat HBV, HCV)

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6
Q

Which 2 anti-viral therapy is used for viral uncoating inhibition?

A

Amatadine & Rimantadine

no longer useful for influenza due to inc resistance

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7
Q

Which anti-viral therapy is used for inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis?

A
  • Guanine nucleotide synthesis
  • Viral DNA polymerase inhibitors
  • Guanosine analogs
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8
Q

What is the treatment for the following (name class of drug and drug it self)

  • RSV, HCV
  • CMV, HSV (acyclovire resistant)
  • HSV, VZV
  • CMV
A
  • RSV, HCV
    • Guanine nucleotide synthesisi: Ribavirin
  • CMV, HSV (acyclovire resistant)
    • Viral DNA polymerase inhibitor: Foscarnet, Cidofovir
  • HSV, VZV
    • guanosine analogs: Acyclovir, etc.
  • CMV
    • Guanosine analogs: Ganciclovir
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9
Q

Which anti-viral therapy is assoc with inhibition of release of progeny virus?

Treatment for Influenza A, B

(Name class and type of drug)

A
  • Neuraminidase inhibitors
    • Zanamivir
    • Oseltamivir
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10
Q

Which anti-viral therapy is clinically used for

  • treatment of prevention of both influenza A & B
  • define its MOA
A
  • Zanamivir, oseltamivir
  • inhibit influenza neuraminidase –> dec the release of progeny virus
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11
Q

Which anti-viral therapy is clinically used for

  • RSV, chronic hepatitis C
  • What is its MOA
A
  • Ribavirin
  • MOA: inhibits synthesis of guanine nucleotides
    • ​by competitively inhibiting inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase.
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12
Q

Which anti-viral therapy is assoc w/the following toxicity:

hemolytic anemia, severe teratogen

A

Ribavirin

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13
Q

Which anti-viral therapy is clinically used to treat the following:

  • HSV, VZV
    • Weak activity against EBV
    • No activity against CMV
  • No effect on latent forms of HSV and VZV
A

Acyclovir, famciclovir, valcyclovir

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14
Q

Which anti-viral therapy is used for the following:

  • HSV induced mucocutanoues adn genital lesions as well as for encephalitis
  • Prophylaxis for immunocompromised pts
  • has a better bioavaliablitity
  • What is used for herpes zoster?
A
  • HSV induced mucocutanoues adn genital lesions as well as for encephalitis
    • Acyclovir, famciclovir, valacyclovir
  • Prophylaxis for immunocompromised pts
    • Acyclovir, famciclovir, valacyclovir
  • has a better bioavaliablitity
    • Valacyclovir
  • What is used for herpes zoster?
    • Famciclovir
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15
Q

Which anti-viral therapy is assoc with the following toxicity?

  • Obstructive crystalline nephropathy
  • Acute renal failure if not adequately hydrated
A

Acyclovir, Famciclovir, Valacyclovir

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16
Q

Acyclovir, fumciclovir, valacyclovir

  • define its MOA
A
  • MOA
    • Preferentially inhibits viral DNA polymerase by chain termination.
    • Monophosphorylated by HSV/VZV thymidine kinase and not phosphorylated in uninfected cells
      • few adverse effects
    • Guanosine analog
    • Triphosphate formed by cellular enzymes
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17
Q

Acyclovir fumciclovir valacyclovir

define its MOR

A

Mutated viral thymidine kinase

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18
Q

Which anti-viral therapy is clinically used for

  • CMV (especially in immunocompromised pts)
  • Which drug has a better oral bioavaliability
A
  • Ganciclovir
  • Valganciclovir
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19
Q

Which anti-viral therapy is assoc w/the following toxicity:

  • Leukopenia, neutropenia, thrmobocytopenia, renal toxicity
  • More toxic to host enzymes than acyclovir!
A
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20
Q

Ganciclovir

  • define MOA
  • define MOR
A
  • define MOA
    • 5’ monophosphate formed by a CMV viral kinase
      • Guanosine analog
    • Triphosphate formed by cellular kinase
      • preferentially inhibits viral DNA polymerase
  • define MOR
    • Mutated CMV DNA polymerase or lack of viral kinase
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21
Q

Which of the following anti-viral therapy is clinically used for

  • CMV retinitis in immunocompromised pts when ganciclovir fails
  • acyclovir resistant HSV
A

Foscarnet

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22
Q

Which anti-viral therapy is assoc with:

  • Viral DNA polymerase inhibitor that binds to the pyrophosphate-binding site of teh enzyme
  • Does it require activation by viral kinase?
A
  • Foscarnet
  • Does NOT require activation by viral kinase
23
Q

Foscarnet

  • define its MOR
  • define toxicity
A
  • mutated DNA polymerase
  • nephrotoxicity
24
Q

Which anti-viral therapy:

is co-administed with probenecid and IV saline to dec toxicity (Nephrotoxicity)

A

Cidofovir

25
Q

Which antiviral therapy would you use to treat the following

  • CMV retinitis in immunocompromised pts
  • acyclovir resistant HSV
  • long half-life
A

Cidofovir

26
Q

Which anti-viral therapy

  • Perferentially inhibits viral DNA polymerase
  • Does not require phosphorylation by viral kinase
A

Cidofovir

27
Q

What is initatiated when pts present with AIDs defining illness, low CD4 cell counts (<500 cells/mm3) or high viral load

A

HAART (highly active antiretroviral therapy)

28
Q

HAART therapy regimen consists of 3 drugs to prevent resistance:

what are they?

A
  • 2 nucleoside reverse transcriptates (NRTIs)
  • 1 Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptates inhibitor (NNRTI)
    • Or 1 protease inhibitor
    • Or 1 integrase inhibitor
29
Q

Which antiviral therapy has the following toxicity

  • Hyperglycemia, GI intolerance (nausea,diarrhea), Lipodystrophy
  • Nephropathy, hematuria _ (which specfic drug)_
A

Protease inhibitors

  • Atazanavir, Darunavir, Fosamprenavir, Indinavir, Lopinavir, Ritonavir, Saquinavir
  • **Indinavir **causes hematuria
30
Q

How does protease inhibitors prevent maturation of new viruses?

A

Assembly of virions depends on HIV-1 protease (pol gene) which cleaves the polypeptide products of HIV mRNA into their functional parts.

By stoping this rxn the virus is unable to exit the cell :-)

31
Q

Which Protease inhibitor can boost other drug concentrations by inhibiting cytochrome P-450.

A

Ritonavir

32
Q

Which anti-viral has the following toxicity:

  • bone marrow suppresion (can be reverse by G-CSF (granulocty-colony stimulating factor) and erythropoietin).
  • peripheral neuropathy
  • lactica acidosis (nucleosides)
  • rash (non-nucleosides)
  • anemia (which drug)
  • pancreatitis (which drug)
A

NRTI (nucleotides/nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors)

  • ABC (abcavir), ddI (Didansoine), FTC (emtricitabine), 3TC (Lamivudine), d4T(Stavudine), TDF (Tenofovir), ZDV, formerly AZT (Zidovudine).
  • anemia: ZDV (Zidovudine)
  • pancreatitis: ddI (Didansoine)
33
Q

Which antiviral therapy:

competitvely inhibit nucleotide binding to reverse transcriptase and terminate the DNA chain (lack a 3’ OH group).

A

NRTI’s

34
Q

Out of the NRTIs which drug is a nucleotide; compared to the rest which are nucleosides?

Thus would not need to be phosphorylated to be active, like the nucleosides need to be.

A

TDF (Tenofovir)

35
Q

Which anti-viral therapy inhibits HIV genome integration into host cell chromosme by reversibly inhibiting HIV integrase?

A

Raltegravir

36
Q

Which NRTIs is used for general prophylaxis and during pregnancy to dec risk of fetal transmission?

A

ZDV (zidovudine, formerly known as AZT)

37
Q

Which anti-viral therapy is assoc with the following toxicity:

Name the class and drugs assoc

  • Rash and hepatotoxicity are common
  • Vivid dreams and CNS symptoms are common with which drug?
  • Which two are contraindicated in pregnancy
A

NNRTIs

  • Efavirenz, Nevirapine, Delavirdine
  • Efavirenz (assoc with vivid dreams)
  • Efavirenz and Delavirdine
38
Q

Which anti-viral therapy

bind to reverse transcriptaets at a site different than another anti-viral therapy

Does not require phophorylation to be active or compete with nucleoties

A

NNRTIs

(non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors)

39
Q

Which anti-viral therapy agent is assoc with the following toxicity:

hypercholesterolemia

A

Raltegravir

40
Q

Which anti-vral therapy

binds to gp41 inhibiting viral entry

A

Enfucirtide

41
Q

Which anti-viral therapy

binds to CCR-5 on surface of T-cells/monocytes, inhibiting interaction with gp120

A

Maraviroc

42
Q

which anti-viral therapy is assoc with the following toxicity:

skin rxn at injection sites

A

Enfuvirtide

43
Q

anti-viral therapy

glycoproteins normally synthesized by virus-infected cells, exhibiting a wide range of antiviral and antitumoral properties

A

Interferons

44
Q

which interferon is used to treat

HBV, HCV, HCL (Hairy Cell leukemia), condyloma acuminatum (genital warts), RCC (renal cell carcinoma), Malignant melanoma

A

IFN-alpha

45
Q

Which interferons is used to treat

MS (mutiple sclerosis)

A

IFN-beta

46
Q

Which interferon is used to treat

CGD (chronic granulomatous disease)

A

IFN-gamma

47
Q

What are the 2 toxicitys of IFN

A
  • Neutropenia
  • Myopathy
48
Q

What are the antibiotics to avoid in pregnancy

SAFe Children Take Really Good Care

A
  • Sulfonamides
  • Aminoglycosides
  • Fluoroquinolones
  • Clarithromycin
  • Tetracyclines
  • Ribavirin (antiviral)
  • Griseofulvin (antifungal)
  • Chloramphenicol
49
Q

Which antibiotic is assoc with the following adverse affect:

Kernicterus

A

Sulfonamindes

50
Q

Which antibiotic is assoc with the following adverse affect:

Ototoxicity

A

Aminoglycosides

51
Q

Which antibiotic is assoc with the following adverse affect:

Cartilage damage

A

Fluroquinolones

52
Q

Which antibiotic is assoc with the following adverse affect:

Discolored teeth, inhibition of bone growth

A

Tetracycline

53
Q

Which antibiotic is assoc with the following adverse affect:

Teratogenic (2 drugs)

A
  • Ribavirin (antiviral)
  • Griseofulvin (antifungal)
54
Q

Which antibiotic is assoc with the following adverse affect:

‘Gray baby’

A

Chloramphenicol

FA-Microbiology (38 decks)

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