Parasitology Flashcards
Pt presents:
Bloating, flatulence, foul-smelling, fatty diarrhea (often seen in campers/hikers)
- Organsim
- Transmission
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Organsim: ** Giardia lamblia**
- Transmission: cysts in water
- Diagnosis: Trophozoites or cysts in stool
- Treatment: Metronidazole
Pt presents:
Bloody diarrhea (dysentery), liver abscess (anchovy paste exudate), RUQ pain (histology shows flask shaped ulcer if submucosal abscess of colon ruptures)
- Organsim
- Transmission
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Organsim: ** Entamoeba histolytica**
- Transmission: cysts in water
- Diagnosis: serology and/or trophites (w/RBC in teh cytoplasm) or cyst (w/up to 4 nuclei) in stool
- Treatment:
- Metronidazole
- Iodoquinol (for asymptomatic cyst passers)
Pt presents:
Sever diarrhea in AIDS pt, Mild disease (watery diarrhea) in nonimmunocompromised.
- Organsim
- Transmission
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Organsim: Cryptosporidium
- Transmission: Oocytes in water
- Diagnosis: Oocytes on acid-fast stain
- Treatment:
- Prevention (filtering city’s water supply)
- Nitazoxanide in immunocompetent hosts
Pt presents:
Brani abscess in HIV (seen as ring-enhanced brain lesions on CT/MRI);
congenital toxoplasmosis= classic triad ‘HIC’
-hydrocephalus, intracranial calcifications, chorioretinitis
- Organsim
- Transmission
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Organsim: Toxoplasma gondii
- Transmission: cysts in meat or oocysts in cat feces; cross placenta (pregnant women should avoid cats)
- Diagnosis: Serology, biopsy (tachyzoite)
- Treatment: Sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
Pt presents:
Rapidly fatal meninogoencephalitis
(think of house episiode)
- Organsim
- Transmission
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Organsim: Naegleria fowleri
- Transmission: Swimming in freshwater lakes (think Nalgene bottle filled with fresh water containing Naegleria) enters via cribiform plate
- Diagnosis: Amoebas in spinal fluid
- Treatment: Amphotericin B has been effective for a few survivors.
Pt presents:
Africian sleeping sickness, enlarged lymph nodes, recurring fever (due to antigenic variation) somnolence, coma
- Organsim
- Transmission
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Organsim:
- Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense
- Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
- Transmission
- Tsetse fly, a painful bite
- Diagnosis
- blood smear
- Treatment
- Suramin: for blood born disease
- Melarsoprol for CNS penetration
It _sur_e is nice to go to sleep, _mela_tonin helps with sleep
Name the four types of malaria
- Plasmodium vivax/ovale
- Plasmodium falciparum
- Plasmodium malariae
Malaria presents with
Fever, headache, anemia, splenomegaly
which organism presents with a
48 hr cycel (tertian includes fever on first day and 3rd day)
fevers are 48 hr apart
dormant form (hyponzoite) in the liver
Plasmodium vivax/ovale
Malaria: fever, headache, anemia, splenomegaly
Which organism presents with
Severe, irregular fever patterns, parasitized RBCs occlude capillaries in brain (cerebral malaria), kidneys, lungs
Plasmodium falciparum
Malaria presents with fever, headache, anemia, splenomegaly
which type of malaria presents with a 72 hr cycle (quartan)
Plasmodium Malariae
- How is malaria transmitted?
- What is used to make the diagnosis?
- Mosquitos (anopheles)
- Blood smear,
- trophozoite ring form w/in RBC,
- schizont containing merozoites.
Treatment of Malaria
- What do you use for initial treatment & MOA?
- What do you use if int treatment is resistant?
- What do you use in life threatening conditions
- what do test for initially prior to admin
- What do you give for vivax/ovale for hyponozoite
- what do you test for prior to admin?
- What do you use for initial treatment? chloroquine (blocks plasmodium heme polymerase)
- What do you use if int treatment is resistant? melfloquine or atovaquone/proguanil
- What do you use in life threatening conditions IV quinindine
- what do test for initially prior to admin G6PD def
- What do you give for vivax/ovale for hyponozoite primaquine
- what do you test for prior to admin? G6PD def
Pt presents with
Fever, hemolytic anemia, predominantly in NE US, asplenia inc risk of severe disease
- Organsim
- Transmission
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Organsim: Babesia
- Transmission: Ixodes tick (coinfect with Borrelia burgdorferi of Lyme disease)
- Diagnosis:
- Blood smear
- ring form
- maltese cross
- PCR
- Blood smear
- Treatment
- Atovaquone
- Azithromycin
