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FA-Microbiology > Anti-fungal drugs > Flashcards

Anti-fungal drugs Flashcards

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1
Q

Which antifungal therapy inhibits cell wall synthesis?

A

Echinocandins

  • Capsofungin
  • Micafungin
  • Anidulafungin
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2
Q

Which antifungal therapy forms membrane pores in cell wall?

A

Polyenes

  • Amphotericin B
  • Nystatin
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3
Q

Which antifungal therapy inhibits lanosterol synthesis?

A

Terbinafine

  • inhibits squalene epoxidase
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4
Q

Which antifungal therapy inhibits ergosterol synthesis?

A

Azoles

  • Fluconazole
  • Ketoconazole
  • Clotrimazole
  • Miconazole
  • Itraconazole
  • Voriconazole
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5
Q

Which antifungal therapy inhibits nucleic acid synthesis?

A

5-flucytosine

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6
Q

Which antifungal therapy is used for:

  • Serious systemic mycoses, cryptococcus, Blastomyces, Coccidiodies, histoplasma, candida, mucor
  • Intrathecally for fungal meningitis
  • What should be supplemented b/c of altered renal tubule permeability?
A

Amphotericin B

  • supplement K and Mg b/c of altered renal tubular permeability
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7
Q

Which 2 drugs bind to ergosterol (unique to fungi) formes membrane pores that allow leakage of electrolytes?

A

Amphotericin B & Nystatin

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8
Q

Which antifungal therapy has the following toxicity:

  • Fever/chills (shake and bake)
  • hypotension, nephrotoxicity arrhythmias, anemia, IV phlebitis
  • What dec nephrotoxicity?
  • What dec overall toxicity?
A

Amphotericin B

  • hydration dec nephrotoxicity
  • liposomal amphotericin dec toxicity
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9
Q

Which antifungal therapy is used to the following:

  • swish & swallow for oral candidiasis (thrush)
  • topical for diaper rash or vagianl candidiasisis

Which one is used topical or oral use and why?

A

Nystatin

  • Topical form
    • b/c too toxic for systemic use!
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10
Q

Which antifungal therapy ised used for:

  • Local and less serious systemic mycoses
    • _ _ is used for chornic suppresion of cryptococcal meningitis in AIDS pt and candidal infections of all types
    • _ _ for Blastomyces, Coccidiodises, Histoplasma
    • _ _ & _ _ for topical fungal infections
A

Azoles

  • Fluconazole
  • Itraconazole
  • **Clotrimazole & miconazole **
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11
Q

What is the MOA of azoles?

A
  • inhibit fungal sterol (ergosterol) synthesis
  • inhibiting the cytochrome P-450 enzyme that converts lanosterol to ergosterol
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12
Q

Which antifungal therapy is assoc w/the following toxicity:

  • Testosterone synthesis inhibition (gynecomastia esp with _ )_
  • Liver dysfunction (inhibits p-450)
A

Azoles

  • Ketoconazole
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13
Q

Which antifungal therapy is clinically used for:

Systemic fungal infections (esp. meningitis caused by cryptococcus in combination with amphotericin B.)

A

Flucytosine

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14
Q

Which antifungal therapy is assoc with the following toxicity?

Bone marrow suppresion

A

flucytosine

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15
Q

Which antifungal therapy has the following MOA:

inhibits DNA and RNA biosynthesis by conversion to 5-fluorouracil by cytosine deaminase.

A

5-flucytosine

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16
Q

Which antifungal therapy has the following MOA

inhibits cell wall syntehsis of fungi (what is actually inhibited?)

A
  • Echinocandins
    • Caspofungin, mica_fungin,_ Anidulafungin
  • inhibits Beta-glucan
17
Q

Which antifungal therapy is clincally used for:

Invasive aspergillosis, candida

A

Echinocandins

  • Caspofungin, Micafungin, anidulafungin
18
Q

Which antifungal therapy is assoc w/the following toxicity?

GI upset, flushing (by what moa)

A
  • Echinocandins
    • Caspofungin, Micafungin, Anidulafungin
  • flushing (by histamine release)
19
Q

Which antifungal therapy is assoc with the following MOA

inhibts the fungal enzyme sequalen epoxidase (thus causing no production of lanosterol)

A

Terbinafine

20
Q
A
21
Q

Which antifungal therapy is clinically used for:

dermatophytoses (especially oncyhomycosis-fungal infection of finger or toe nails).

A

Terbinafine

22
Q

Which antifungal therapy is assoc w/the following toxicity?

GI upset, headaches, hepatotoxicity, taste disturbance

A

Terbinafine

23
Q

Which antifungal therapy is assoc with the following MOA

  • Interferes with microtubule function, disrupts mitosis
  • Deposits in keratin-containing tissues (e.g. nails)
A

Griseofulvin

24
Q

Which antifungal therapy is used clinicially for:

  • oral treatment of superficial infections
  • inhibits growth of dermatophytes (tinea, ringworm)
A

Griseofulvin

25
Q

Which antifungal therapy is assoc with the following toxicity:

  • Teratogenic, carcinogenic, confusion, headaches
  • Inc P-450 and warfain metabolism.
A

Griseofulvin

26
Q

Antiprotozaon therapy

(define the treatment for the following)

  • Toxoplasmosis
  • Trypanosoma brucei
  • T. cruzi
  • Leishmaniasis
A
  • Toxoplasmosis (pyrimethamine)
  • Trypanosoma brucei (suramin and melarsoprol)
  • T. cruzi (nifurtimox)
  • Leishmaniasis (sodium stibogluconate)
27
Q

Which antifungal therapy is clinically used for:

  • Treatment of plasmodial species other than P. falciparum (frq of resistance in P. falciparum is too high)
  • Resistance due to what?
  • Treat P. falciparum with two types of combos?
  • For live threatening malaria, use _ _ in US or _ ._
A
  • Chloroquine
  • resistance due to: membrane pump that dec intracellular concentration of drug.
  • Treat P. falciparum
    • artemether/lumefantrime
    • atovaquone/proguanil
  • For live threatening malare
    • quinidine
    • artesunate
28
Q
A
29
Q

Which antifungal therapy is assoc w/the following toxicity:

  • retinopathy
  • pruritus (especially in dark-skinned individuals)
A

Chloroquine

30
Q

Antiheminthic therapy

  • Mebendazole, pyrantel pamoate, invermectin, diethylcarbamazine, praziquantel are all used for what purpose?
  • Praziquantel is used against what?
A
  • immobilize helminths
  • Use praziquantel against flukes (trematodes) such as Schistosoma.

FA-Microbiology (38 decks)

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