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Virology Flashcards

1
Q

Adenovirus

A

DNA Naked Double stranded
Most common cause of TONSILLITIS
•Hemorrhagic cystitis
•Viral conjunctivitis

Transmission: Respiratory droplet, Feco-oral route

Vaccination: Live attenuated

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2
Q

BK Virus

A

Naked
double stranded
CIRCULAR

Hemorrhagic cystitis
Nephropathy
Transplant patients

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3
Q

JC Virus

A

Naked
DOUBLE STRANDED
CIRCULAR

Area: Oligodendrocytes

Progressive Multifocal LEUKOEncephalopathy - demyelinating

NON ENHANCING lesions on CT and MRI

CD4 <200

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4
Q

The protein shell, or coat that encloses the nucleic acid genome

A

Capsid

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5
Q

Morphologic units seen in the electron microscope on the surface of icosahedral virus particles

A

Capsomeres

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6
Q

A virus particle that is functionally deficient in some aspect of replication

A

Defective virus

Ex Hepa D

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7
Q

A lipid-containing membrane that surrounds some virus particles

A

Envelope

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8
Q

The protein nucleic acid complex representing the packaged form of viral genome

A

Nucleocapsid

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9
Q

The complete virus particle

A

Virion

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10
Q

Hepatitis B virion

A

Dane

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11
Q

Modes of Viral Multiplication

A

The host cell is absolutely necessary for viral multiplication

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12
Q

Multiplication cycles in animal viruses

A 
Adsorption
Penetration
Uncoating
Synthesis
Assembly
Release
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13
Q

Virus encounters susceptible host cells
Adsorbs specifically to receptor sites on the cell membrane
Because of the exact fit required, viruses have a limited host range

A

Adsorption

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14
Q

Flexible cell membrane of the host is penetrated by the whole virus or its nucleic acid

A

Penetration

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15
Q

Entire virus engulfed by the cell and enclosed in a vacuole or vesicle

A

Endocytosis

Form ofPenetration

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16
Q

The viral envelope can also directly fuse with the host cell membrane

A

Penetration

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17
Q

Enzymes in the vacuole dissolve the envelope and capsid

The virus is now uncoated

A

Uncoating

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18
Q

Free viral nucleic acid exerts control over the host’s synthetic and metabolic machinery

DNA viruses enter host cell’s nucleus where they are replicated and assembled

DNA enters the nucleus and is transcripted into RNA

The RNA becomes a message for synthesizing viral proteins (translation)

New DNA is synthesized using host nucleotides

RNA viruses recplicated and assembled in the cytoplasm

A

Synthesis

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19
Q

Only DNA virus that replicates in cytoplasm

A

Pox virus

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20
Q

Mature virus particles are constructed from the growing pool of parts

A

Assembly

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21
Q

Nonenveloped and complex viruses are released when the cell lyse or ruptures

Enveloped viruses are liberated by budding or exocystosis

Anywhere from 3,000 to 100,000 virions may be released, depending on the virus

Entire length of cycle - anywhere from 8 to 36 hours

A

Release

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22
Q

Stages of Viral Infection in the Cellular Level

A

Viral interactions with a host’s cell surface
Viral entry into a host cell
Viral gene expression and replication
Viral assembly and release

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23
Q

Only DNA Hepadna virus

A

Hepa B

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24
Q

Single stranded DNA

A

Parvoviridae

Circoviridae

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25
Picornaviridae
Polio | Hepatitis A
26
Bullet-shaped virus
Rhabdoviridae
27
Crown-shaped spike
Corona virus
28
Viruses can directly damage host cells by entering them and replicating at the host’s expense Viruses may inhibit host cell DNA, RNA or protein synthesis Viral proteins may directly damage host cell’s plasma membrane Viruses may lyse host cells Viruses may manipulate programmed cell death Viruses nay cause malignant transformation
Mechanism of viral injury
29
Viruses that lead to malignant transformation Hep B, Hep C HPV EBV (NPC, Burkitt’s, Hodgkin)
Oncogenic virus
30
Four main morphological virus types
Helical virus Icosahedron virus Enveloped virus Complex virus
31
Iceberg concept of infection
Base: exposure without attachment (below visual change) or entry; exposure without infection (subclinical) Viral multiplication without visible change or incomplete viral maturation (below visual change) or infections without clinical illness (asymptomatic infection) Discernible effect/Apex: inclusion body formation, cell transformation, cell dysfunction Clinical disease/Apex: moderate severity, mild illness; classic and severe disease (clinical disease)
32
RBC viral predilection
``` Parvo B19 (DNA) Pure red cell aplasia ``` Colorado tick fever virus (RNA)
33
Monocyte-macrophages predilection
CMV (DNA) Poliovirus, HIV, measles (RNA)
34
No cell associated type but bloodstream
Togavirus | Picornavirus
35
Lymphocyte predilection
EBV, CMV, Hepa V, JC, BK (DNA)
36
Common cold viral cause
Rhinovirus Adeno (infant and children) Corona (adult)
37
Pharyngitis viral cause
Adenovirus HSV (infant) Coxsackie A (children, adult)
38
Laryngitis or croup viral cause Tracheobronchitis Hoarseness “barking” cough
Parainfluenza | Influenza
39
Bronchiolitis viral cause | Pneumonia
RSV
40
Subtypes of inlfuenza
A, B, C
41
2 major influenza antigens
Hemagluttinin (H) Neuramidase (N) 16 H And 9 N
42
Influenza A virus subtype H5N1
Avian flu
43
Influenza A virus subtype H1N1
Swine flu
44
Most famous segmented virus
Influenza an orthomyxovirus
45
8 segments that can reassort antigenic drifts and shifts
Influenza A
46
The two surface antigens of influenza undergo antigenic variation independent of each other Minor antigenic change is termed Causes seasonal variation
Antigenic drift
47
Major antigenic change in HA or NA is called Results in appearance of a new subtype as in epidemic
Antigenic shift
48
Antigenic drift is caused by
Accumulation of point mutations in gene Resulting in amino acid changes in the protein Sequence changes can alter antigenic sites
49
Reflects drastic changes in the sequence of a viral surface protein, changes too extreme to be explained by mutation The segmented genomes of influenza viruses reassort readily in double infected cells
Antigenic shift
50
All three types of influenza exhibit antigenic drift Only this type that undergoes antigenic shift because the other types are restricted to humans Influenza A circulate in animal and bird populations Account for antigenic shift by genetic reassortment of the glycoprotein genes
Influenza A
51
Family Parvoviridae Affects RBCs
Parvo virus
52
4 Syndromes Associated with Parvo viridae
Erythema infectiosum (Fifth disease) Transient aplastic crisis (underlying hemolysis) Pure red cell aplasia (immunodeficiencies) Hydrops fetalis
53
Slapped cheek appearance | Lacy appearing rash
Erythema infectiosum Fifth’s disease Parvo B19
54
Causes of hemorrhagic fever
Filovirus Marburg virus Ebola virus
55
Flu like symptoms Stomach ache Impaired kidney and liver function Both internal and external bleeding Rash, red eyes, hiccup
Ebola virus
56
Acute febrile illness associated with abrupt onset of headache, myalgia, fever leading to -> rash, shock and bleeding
Ebola virus
57
Biosafety Level 4 Pathogens due to their high associated mortality rate and aerosol infectivity
Marburg virus | Ebola virus
58
Biosafety Level 4
Ebola | Smallpox
59
Biosafety Level 3
H1N1 Yersinia TB SARS
60
Has 5 species named for their original sites of recognition All 5 are found in Africa (Zaire, Sudan, Cote d’ Ivore, Bundigbugyo) except
Reston
61
Reston virus was exported from the
Philippines has caused fatal infections in monkeys Cynomolgus macaque
62
Most severe Ebola outbreak in history (2014) Started in Guinea on March 2014 Guinea Liberia Sierra Leone
West African Ebola Virus
63
Successful antiviral used for Ebola and now probable treatment for Corona
Remdesivir
64
Ebola and Marburg replicate well in all cell types including
Endothelial cells Macrophages Parenchymal cells
65
Earliest involvement in Ebola in macaques are the
Mononuclear pahgocyte system (responsible for initiation of disease process)
66
Ebola virus on light microscopy
Liver necrosis Councilman bodies Intracellular inclusion bodies
67
Eosinophil inclusion bodies | Apoptotic bodies
Councilman bodies
68
Conditions where councilman bodies are seen
Ebola virus Viral hepatitis Yellow fever
69
High circulating levels of these are seen in Ebola (Zaire)
Proinflammatory cytokines
70
Cytokine storm leads to
Lung injury Renal failure Heart failure Pathway complement
71
Incubation of Ebola
7-10 days
72
Fever, headache, malaise, myalgia, N/V
Ebola
73
Ebola virus dx
ELISA - sensitive | PCR
74
Ebola tx
No specific therapy available
75
FDA approved EBOLA vaccine
ERVEBO rVSV ZEBOV for Zaire Ebola
76
Tx for Ebola Monoclonal antibody FDA approved reducing viral load in
Regeneron
77
EBV CA
Burkitt’s NPC B cell lymphoma Hairy leukoplakia in AIDS
78
Chronic HBV
Primary Hepatocellular CA
79
Chronic HCV
Primary Hepatocellular CA
80
HPV CA
``` Cervical 16,18 Vulvar Vaginal Penile Anogenital ```
81
HTLV1 CA
CD4+ T cell leukemia/lymphoma
82
HHV8 CA
Kaposi sarcoma
83
HPV 1, 2, 4, 63
Verruca plantaris | Plantar wart
84
Cervical CA is associated with
HPV 16 18
85
Paralytic poliomyelitis and ASEPTIC MENINGITIS feco oral route
Poliovirus
86
Polio types are classified according to structural differences in the capsid proteins
Serotype 1 (most virulent) 2 3
87
According to effect
Paralytic polio | Non-paralytic polio
88
Polio virus predilection with
Anterior Horn Cell
89
Replicates in the pharynx and GI tract and results in death of motor neurons of
Anterior horn cell of spinal cord
90
Flu-like symptoms | Sore throat, fever
Non-paralytic polio
91
Paresthesia Meningitis Paralysis (Acute flaccid paralysis-AFP) Weakness in arms, legs
Paralytic polio
92
Inoculation of live attenuated polio virus Orally; Risk of post-polio syndrome Can infect cells “gut immunity”
Albert Sabin
93
Inoculation of dead polio virus by injection
Jonas Salk
94
``` Aseptic meningitis Herpangina Pleurodynia Myocarditis Pericarditis ```
Coxsackieviruses
95
Defined by their pathogenecity in mice
Group A and B
96
Coxsackievirus mode of transmission Initial site of infection is the oropharynx or GI tract, then spreads through the bloodstream
Fecal-oral route
97
Pleurodynia (Bornholm disease) Myocarditis Pericarditis
Coxackie B
98
Herpangina | Hand-foot-and-mouth disease
Coxsackie virus
99
Enterovirus family | Coxsackie virus A16
Hand foot mouth disease
100
Double stranded RNA genome composed of 11 segments Six groups A to F
Rotavirus
101
Principal cause of human disease
Group A Rotavirus
102
Only groups A, B and C are known to cause disease in humans
Rotavirus
103
Attenuated virus Rotarix | Rotateq
Rotavirus
104
Adverse effect of attenuated virus Rotatrix, Rotateq
Intussuception
105
First dose of rotavirus should be given after
6 weeks of age No longer recommended after 2 years and above
106
Leading cause of morbidity in Filipino children diarrhea
Rota virus
107
Gold standard for Dx of rotavirus
Viral culture
108
Sixth disease Exanthem subitum Roseola infantum 6 months and 2 years
HHV6
109
Condylomata acuminatum
HPV
110
Condyloma lata
Syphilis
111
Hairy leukoplakia
EBV
112
SSPE
Measles
113
Subacute spongiform encephalopathy
Prion
114
PMLE
JC Virus
115
SARS
Coronavirus
116
Bronchiolitis
RSV
117
Sensorineural deafness
Rubella
118
Anterior horn cell
Polio
119
Trigeminal root ganglion
HSV 1
120
B lymphocytes
EBV
121
Sacral nerve ganglia
HSV2
122
DRG
VZV
123
Fibrolast
CMV
124
The viral disease that has affected humans throughout recorded history Earliest physical evidence of smallpox: pustular radh on mummified body of
Paharaoh Ramses V of Egypt Smallpox
125
Introduced vaccination with live cowpox in 1798
Edward Jenner
126
Control of smallpox by deliberate infection with mild forms (ie vaccinia) of the disease
Variolation
127
In 1967 WHO introduced a worldwide campaign to eradicate smallpox Case fatality rate decreased fron 25% to 1% Officially declared eliminated in 1980 Elimination
Smallpox Reduction to 0 of incidence
128
Identifed by CDC as first AIDS patient in 1981
Ken Horne
129
Largest and most complex of virus | Infections are characterized by a rash
Poxvirus
130
Morphologically distinctive | Exhibit a crisscross pattern
Parapoxvirus
131
Entire multiplication cycle takes place in the plasm cytoplasm of cells
Poxvirus
132
More virulent
Variola
133
Vaccinia
Less virulent
134
Benign epidermal tumor that occurs only in hunands Caused by molluscipoxvirus genus
Molluscim contagiosum
135
Lesions are small, pink, wart-like tumors on the face, arms, back and buttocks Typical lesion is an umbiillicated lesion Direct contact and indirect contact (barbers, commo use of towels, swimming pools) Increasing incidence as an STD in young adults
Molluscum contagiosum
136
Guarnieri bodies
Variola (smallpox)
137
Cowdry A virus
HSV/VZV
138
Cowdry Type B bodies
Polio | Adenovirus
139
Warthin Finkeldey
Measles
140
Negri bodies
Rabies
141
Henderson-Peterson bodies
Molluscum contagiosum
142
Owl’s eye bodies
CMV

Microbiology (16 decks)

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