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Mycology Flashcards

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1
Q

Culture medium of fungi

A

Saboraud’s agar

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2
Q

Low pH 5.6 inhibits growth of bacteria but permits growth of filamentous fungi and yeast

Impregnated with chloramphenicol and gentamicin to inhibit growth of other bacteria

A

Saboraud’s agar

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3
Q

Used to dissolve tissue material leaving the alkali resistant fungi intact

A

10% KOH

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4
Q

Fungal wall constituent

A

Chitin
Ergosterol
Beta glucan
Mannoproteins

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5
Q

Protein found in exoskeleton and wall of fungi

A

Chitin

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6
Q

Sterol of the cell membrane of fungi and cell wall of protozoans regulates permeability and fluidity of fungal cell wall

A

Ergosterol

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7
Q

Most abundant polysaccharides of the fungal wall

A

Betaglucans

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8
Q

Opportunisitc mycosis

A

Candidiasis
Cryptococcus neoformans
Histoplasma
Pneumocystis carinii

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9
Q

Fungi that infect only the keratinized tissue (skin, hair and nails)

A

Cutaneous mycosis

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10
Q

Cutaneous mycosis

A

Microsporum
Trichophyton
Epidermophyton

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11
Q

Affects skin, hair and nails

A

Trichophyton three

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12
Q

Affects only skin and hair

A

Microscporum

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13
Q

Affects only skin and nails

A

Epidermophyton

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14
Q

Ringworm of scalp

A

Tinea capitis

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15
Q

Ringworm of bearded region

A

Tinea barbae

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16
Q

Ring worm of glabrous skin

A

Tinea corporis

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17
Q

Jock itch

A

Tinea cruris

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18
Q

Athlete’s foot

A

Tinea pedis

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19
Q

Most serious of tinea capitis

A

Tinea favosa/favus

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20
Q

Most common cause of outbreaks of tinea capitis in children

Main cause of endothrix

A

Trichophyton tonsurans

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21
Q

Dermatophyte infections that invade hair shaft and internalize into hair cell

A

Endothrix

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22
Q

Dermatophyte infectikn confined to the hair surface

A

Ectothrix

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23
Q

Severe tinea capitis

A

Tinea favosa

Trichophyton schoenleinii

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24
Q

Causes tinea favus
Tinea capitis presenting with crust on the scalp

Most serious form causing permanent scarring and scalp hair loss

A

Trichophyton schoenleinii

Tinea favus

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25
Q

Zoophilic tinea capitis

A

Microsporum canis

Trichophyton mentagrophytes

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26
Q

Young child showing a large circular erythematous scaly lesion with a raiser border on the nose

A

Microsporum gypseum

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27
Q

Tinea barbae

A

Trichophyton verrucosum
Trichophyton mentagrophytes
Trichophyton rubrum

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28
Q

Most prevalent systemic mycosis

A

Candidiasis

Candida albicans

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29
Q

Appear as yeast or pseudohyphae

Germ tube formation in serum at 37 deg

A

Candida albicans

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30
Q

Grow as oval, budding yeast cell (3-6 um in size)

Also form pseudohyphae when buds continue to grow

A

Candida albicans

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31
Q

On agar media or within 24h at 37 deg or room temperature

Soft, cream-colored colonies with a yeasty odor

A

Candida albicans

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32
Q

Can infect kidneys
Attach to prosthetic heart valves or produce candidal infections almost anywhere (eg arthritis, meningitis, endopthalmitis)

Oral candidiasis
Vaginal

A

Candida

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33
Q

Cottage cheese discharge

DM

A

Vaginal candidiasis

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34
Q

Esophageal candidiasis risk factor

A

Radiation

Chemotherapy

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35
Q

Candida tx

A

Nystatin

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36
Q

Thrush and mucocutaneous form of candidiasis Tx

A

Topical Nystatin

Oral Ketoconazole or Fluconazole

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37
Q

Systemic candidiasis tx

A

Amphotericin +/- oral flucytosine

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38
Q

AIDS
Pigeon
Yeast from CSF stained with india ink
Meningitis

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

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39
Q

Bird or bat dropping

A

Histoplasma

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40
Q

Pigeon dropping
Eucalyptus tree

Encapsulated yeast cell (India ink)
Meningitis

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

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41
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans Dx

A

India ink

Cryptococcal antigen latex agglutination (CALAS)

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42
Q

HIV defining illness (CD <200)

CD <100 this infection sets in

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

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43
Q

Severe interstitial pneumonia in immunocompromised patients especially AIDS patients

Previously protozoan -> 1988 yeast

A

Pneumocystis carinii

Pneumocystis jiroveci

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44
Q

P jiroveci Dx

A

Gomori methenamine Silver stain of lung tissue broncheoalveolar lavage

Transbronchial lung biopsy

45
Q

P jirovecii Tx

A

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

Pentamidine (aerosol)

46
Q

P jiroveci Hallmark of xray

A

Severe hypoxemia
Ground glass opacities
Pneumonia

47
Q

TMP SMZ SE

No 1 cause

A

SJS

48
Q

Transmitted by droplet inhalation, close contact
Immunosupression

Pneumonitis spreading from hilar areas

Gomori’s mehanamine silver stain

A

Pneumocystis carinii

49
Q

Common cause of death in HIV patients

A

Pneumocystis jiroveci

50
Q

Hypopigmented spots on chest and back

A

Malasezzia furfur

Pityriasis Tinea versicolor

51
Q

Malasezzia furfur pathognomonic histology

A

Spaghetti and meatballs budding yeast cells and hyphae

52
Q

Oval macules and patches with fine scaling

Light brown/pink in light skin; white in dark skin
Back, upper trunk, upper arms, axillae, thighs

Asymptomatic or mild pruritus

A

Malassezia furfur

53
Q

Malassezia furfur Dx

A

KOH - spaghetti and meatballs (filamentous hyphae and budding yeast)

54
Q

Malassezia pityriasis versicolor Tx

A

Selenium sulfide (selson blue) shampoo
Ketoconazole shampoo
Azole cream
Fluconazole and ketoconazole oral

55
Q

Lice: difficult to find
Nits: oval, gray/white egg capsules (1mm), firmly cemented to the hair, recent infestation, nits are near the scalp, long standing infection

A

Pediculosis humanis capitis

56
Q

Lays 5-6 nits a day

Eggs hatch and in 7-10 days become nymph

Later adult

A

Pediculosis

57
Q

Pediculosis Dx

A

Microscopy of nits and lice

58
Q

Pediculosis Tx

A

Permethrin lotion

Ivermectin

59
Q

Excoriated erythematous papules
Lice and nits on clothing seams
On the body

A

Pediculosis corporis

Pediculosis humanus humanus

60
Q

Sexually transmited
1-2mm brownish gray specks in hairy areas
Nits attached to hair shafts

Papular urticaria, maculae ceruleae (dlste colore macule)

A

Pediculosis pubis

Pthirus pubis

61
Q

Pthirus pubis Tx

A

1% Permethrin lotion

Mousse containing pyrethrins and piperonyl butoxide

62
Q

Scabies is caused by

A

Sarcoptes scabei

63
Q

Caused by mites which cause extreme nocturnal itching (tunnels and lays eggs)

A

Scabies

64
Q

Scabies site of predilection

A 
Interdigital web
Wrist
Penile shaft
Genitals
Buttocks
Axillae
Abdomen
65
Q

Appears as dark lines between fingers and toes, body flexures, nipples and genitalia

Excoriated papules, burrows, inflammatory nodules

A

Scabies

Seven year itch

66
Q

Scabies Tx

A

Permethrin 5% with corticosteroids
Washing of beddings and clothes is necessary
Topical corticosteroids may be necessary to treat itching

67
Q

Unbranched sporangiophores that arise opposite rhizoids

A

Rhizopus

68
Q

Hyaline to faintly pigmented

Simple or sometimes branched arising solitary

A

Rhizopus

69
Q

> 90 degree branching mold

A

Mucormycosis

70
Q

Ketoacidosis
Leukemia
Black nasal discharge

are encountered in

A

Mucormycosis

71
Q

Dimorphic fungus (exists in yeast or mold form)

Rose gardener’s disease

A

Sporothrix schenckii

Sporotrichosis

72
Q

Sporothrix scheckii is seen in tissue soecinens as

A

Cigar shaped budding yeast

Flowerette arrangement of conidia

73
Q

Packs of cigar on examination

A

M leprae

74
Q

Sporothrix form at temperature less than 37 degrees

A

Hyphal

75
Q

Sporothrix form more than 37 deg

A

Budding yeast

76
Q

Central fungus cell with eosinophilic material radiating from cell of Sporotrix

A

Asteroid body

77
Q

Initial lesion develops as granulomatous nodule that may progress to form a necrotic or ulcerative lesion

Draining lymhpatics become thickened and cord-like

Botanist, flower shop

A

Cutaneous sporotrichosis

78
Q

Acid fast stain for Cryptosporidium modified

A

Kinyoun stain

79
Q

Most common symptom of Cryptosporidium

A

Watery diarrhea

80
Q 
Stomach cramps
Dehydration
Nausea
Vomiting
Fever
Weight loss
A

Cryptosporidium

Immunocompromised
HIV/AIDS
Cancer
Inherited deficiency

81
Q

Cryptosporidium Tx

A

Nitazoxanide

82
Q

Ixodes tick

Maltese on blood smear

A

Babesia microti

83
Q

Lyme disease

Ixodes tick

A

Borellia burgdorferi

84
Q

Two hosts in life cycle of babesia

A

Rodent (white footed mouse)

Ixodes tick

85
Q 
Fever
Chills
Sweating
Myalgia
Fatigue
Hepatosplenomegaly
Hemolytic anemia
A

Babesiosis

86
Q

Babesia Tx

A

Atovaquone + azithromycin

87
Q

Typical brown diffusable pigment in agar

On the foot

A

Madurella mycetomatis

88
Q

Caused by actinomycotic mycetoma or actinomycetoma

Madurella

Farmers, hunter gatherer, chronic granulomatous soft tissue infection

A

Madura foot

89
Q

Madura foot Tx

A

Itraconazole

Ketoconazole

90
Q

Barrel shaped arthroconidia

A

Coccidioides immitis

91
Q

Highest endemism in semiarid areas

San Joaquin Valley Fever

A

Coccidioides immitis

92
Q

Mold in soil, spherule in tissue

In soil it forms hyphae with arthrospores and empty cells

A

Coccidiodes immitis

93
Q

Desert areas of Western US and Northern Mexico

Transmission: respiratory

Dimorphic fungus

Mycelia forms with spores at 25 deg celsius

Yeast forms at 37 deg Celsius

A

Coccidioides immitis

94
Q

Coccidiodes immitis Tx

A

Fluconazole

If it disseminate in CNS causing meningitis

95
Q

Mariner pilot’s wheel
Thick walled yeast with multiple buds

Armadillo
Fruit bat

A

Coccidioides brasilienses

96
Q

Coccidioides brasiliensis Dx

A

Direct sputum examination
BAL fluids

Scrapings from mucocutaneous ulcer

97
Q 
Oral lesions
Weight loss
Lymph adenopathy 
Cough
Fever
SOB
A

Coccidioides brasiliensis

Diff dx
TB
HIV

98
Q

Paracoccidioides Tx

A

Itraconazole
Amphotericin

With or without Trimethroprim-sulfamethoxazole

99
Q

Dichotomously branching hyphae

A

Aspergillus fumigatus

100
Q

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis
Aspergillons
Otomycosis

A

Aspergillosis

101
Q

Forms fungus balls in the lungs

Seprate hyphae that form V shaped dichotomous branches

A

Aspergillus fumigatus

102
Q

Most common form of fungal sinusitis

A

Aspergillus

103
Q

Broad based budding yeast

A

Blastomyces dermatitidis

104
Q

North American Blastomycosis
Chicago disease
Gilchrist disease

A

Systemic blastomycosis

105
Q

Most common extrapulmonary manifestation of blastomycosis

A

Skin disease

106
Q

Tuberculate macroconidia and micronidia

Soil contaminated with bird droppings

Oval yeast cells

Bird droppings in caves

A

Histoplasmosis capsulatum

107
Q

Spelunker’s disease

A

Histoplasmosis

108
Q

Mimics pulmonary TB in xray

Cough, hemoptysis, DOB

A

Histoplasmosis

109
Q

Fungi used in making bread, beer and wine

A

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Microbiology (16 decks)

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