Bacteria and Staph

Question 1

First to report on his observation of accurate description and drawings on bacteria and protozoa

Answer 1

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

Question 2

First described the cell

Answer 2

Robert Hooke

Question 3

Adopted a system of nomenclature (Taxonomy)

an organism is given two names:

Genus: first name
Species: second name

Answer 3

Carolis Linnaeus

Question 4

Disproved the theory on spontaneous generation
Proved germ theory of disease
Worked on fermentation

Answer 4

Louis Pasteur

Question 5

Pasteurization is heating without changing flavor of milk at

Answer 5

62-70 deg C

Question 6

Agents commonly associated with unpasteurized milk

Answer 6

Brucella

Listeria

Question 7

Koch postulates

M TB

Germ theory of disease

Answer 7

Robert Koch

Koch’s postulate

Question 8

Aseptic surgery was discovered by

Answer 8

Lister

Question 9

Phagocytosis was discovered by

Answer 9

Metchnikoff

Question 10

Discovered penicillin by growing molds on bread

Answer 10

Alexander Fleming

Question 11

Discovered capillaria philippinesis

Answer 11

Nelia Salazar

Question 12

Helped discover Erythromycin

Eli Lily

1949

Answer 12

Ilosone

Abelardo Aguilar

Question 13

An organism is gram positive bec it takes up

Answer 13

crystal violet in peptidoglycan of cell wall

Question 14

Gram + organisims have thick

Answer 14

Peptidoglycan layer

Question 15

Gram negative organisms have thin

and also have

Answer 15

Peptidoglycan

Teichoic acid

Question 16

Gram + cocci
Catalase +
Clusters

If Coagulase +

Answer 16

Staphylococcus

Staph aureus

Question 17

Gram +
Catalase -
Chains

Answer 17

Streptococcus

Question 18

Gram +
Catalase +
Coagulase -
Novobiocin-sensitive

Answer 18

Staph epidermidis

Question 19

Gram +
Catalase +
Coagulase -
Novobiocin-resistant

Answer 19

Staph saprophyticus

Question 20

Differentiates strep vs staph

Answer 20

Catalase

Question 21

Differentiates staph species

Answer 21

Coagulase

Question 22

Differentiates between epidermidis and saprophyticus

Answer 22

Novobiocin sensitivity

Question 23

Beta hemolytic means

Answer 23

Complete hemolysis

Question 24

Alpha hemolysis means

Answer 24

Partial hemolysis

Question 25

Gamma hemolysis means

Answer 25

Not hemolytic

Question 26

Strep Catalase - Beta hemolytic Bacitracin-sensitive

Answer 26

Group A | Strep pyogenes

Question 27

Strep Catalase - Beta hemolytic Bacitracin-resistant

Answer 27

Group B | Strep agalactiae

Question 28

``` Strep Catalase - Alpha-hemolytic + Capsule Optochin sensitive Bile-soluble ```

Answer 28

Strep pneumoniae

Question 29

``` Strep Catalase - Alpha hemolytic No capsule Optochin-resistant Bile insoluble ```

Answer 29

Strep viridans Enterococci Strep bovis

Question 30

Strep Catalase - Gamma hemolytic

Answer 30

Enterococcus (E fecalis) | Peptostreptococcus

Question 31

Gram + | Bacilli

Answer 31

``` Listeria Corynebacterium Actinomyces TB Tetanus Bacillus Clostridium Anthrax Nocardia Erysipellothrix Streptomyces ```

Question 32

Coagulase negative Staph

Answer 32

Staph haemolyticus Staph lugdunensis Staph saprophyticus Staph epidermidis

Question 33

Gram + cocci in grape like clusters B hemolytic yellow or golden colonies on blood agar Catalase + Coagulase +

Answer 33

Staph aureus

Question 34

Staph aureus on Mannitol Salt Agar

Answer 34

Salt-tolerant

Question 35

Responsible for yellow color of staph

Answer 35

Staphyloxanthin

Question 36

Superantigen-mediated cytokine storm and M protein-mediated neutrophil activation release of mediators Respiratory failure, vascular leakage and shock

Answer 36

Toxic Shock Syndrome

Question 37

Fever, hypotension, sloughing of the filiform papillae Strawberry tongue Desquamating rash (palms and soles) 1-2 weeks post infection Multi organ failure >3 Clinical diagnosis by toxin

Answer 37

Toxic Shock Syndrome TSST-1

Question 38

Staph aureus toxin Causes nausea, vomiting and abdominal cramps

Answer 38

Preformed Heat-stable Enterotoxin Source: salad made with mayonnaise (potato or tuna salad) custard, pastries

Question 39

Onset of staph food poisoning

Answer 39

1-6 hours

Question 40

Staph Food poisoning

Answer 40

Gastroenteritis | Enterotoxin A-E preformed in foods (salad, mayonnaise, custards)

Question 41

Starts quickly ends quickly type of poison

Answer 41

Staph aureus food poisoning

Question 42

Toxin in scalded skin syndrome

Answer 42

Exfoliatin

Question 43

Exfoliatin cleaves this in desmosomes leading to separation of epidermis at stratum granulosum

Answer 43

Desmoglein - desmosomal cadherin 1-4

Question 44

Scalded skin syndrome is differentiated from TEN (Lyell disease) in terms of separation occuring with latter occuring at

Answer 44

Dermo-epidermal junction

Question 45

Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis is called

Answer 45

Lyell Disease

Question 46

Scalded Skin Syndrome separation occurs at

Answer 46

Stratum granulosum

Question 47

Most severe form of SSSS

Answer 47

Ritter’s disease

Question 48

Staph aureus most commonly affects

Answer 48

Skin and appendages | Impetigo, carbuncle, hidradenitis, mastitis

Question 49

Most common cause of endocarditis | Native valve tricuspid valve in IV drug users

Answer 49

Staph aureus

Question 50

Infrequent cause of CAP Common cause of nosocomial pneumonia Necrotizing pneumonia complicated by emphysema, abscess or pneumatocele Most common cause of septic arthritis in prepubertal children From hematogenous spread or local introduction at wound site

Answer 50

Staph aureus

Question 51

Sequestered focus of osteomyelitis arising in the metaphyseal area of a long bone

Answer 51

Staph aureus

Question 52

Most common cause of spinal epidural abscess and suppurative intracranial phlebitis Meningitis (uncommon) after head trauma Urinary tract infection, pyelonephritis

Answer 52

Staph aureus

Question 53

Major cause of osteomyelitis in sexually active

Answer 53

N gonorrhea

Question 54

Most common cause of osteomyelitis in sickle cell

Answer 54

Salmonella sp

Question 55

Major cause of osteomyelitis in drug user

Answer 55

P aeruginosa

Question 56

Methicillin sensitive SA Tx

Answer 56

Nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin

Question 57

MRSA Tx

Answer 57

Vancomycin | Contain altered PBP

Question 58

VRSA Tx

Answer 58

Linezolid

Question 59

Occur in association with FOREIGN BODIES (prosthetic valves, joints, and shunts) Less pathogenic than S Aureus Presence of BIOFILMS and antibiotic resistance

Answer 59

Coagulase negative Staphylococcus

Question 60

Associated with bacteremia | Specific adhesion capabilities associated with prosthetic joints

Answer 60

Coagulase negative staph

Question 61

Normal flora of skin | Most frequently involved foreign bodies

Answer 61

Staph epidermidis

Question 62

Important cause of bacteriuria, particularly SEXUALLY ACTIVE WOMEN

Answer 62

Staph saprophyticus

Question 63

Whitish, non-hemolytic, colonies on blood agar Coagulase negative Novobiocin sensitive Normal skin flora Low virulence Autoinfection Direct contact

Answer 63

Staph epidermidis

Question 64

Biofilms are formed by staph epidermidis due to

Answer 64

Glycocalyx that adheres well foreign bodies

Question 65

Most common cause of prosthetic valve endocarditis Septic arthritis in prosthetic joints Ventriculoperitoneal shunt infections

Answer 65

Staph epidermidis

Question 66

Staph epidermidis Tx

Answer 66

Removal of prosthetic device | Vancomycin

Question 67

Whitish, non-hemolytic colonies on blood agar Coagulase-negative Novobiocin resistant

Answer 67

Staph saprophyticus

Question 68

2nd most common cause of UTI in sexually active women Dysuria, pyuria and bacteriuria Tx

Answer 68

Staph saprophyticus TMP-SMZ, quinolone

Question 69

Causes honeymoon cystitis

Answer 69

E coli

Question 70

Detects Protein A, clumping factor, capsular polysaccharide + S sapro, S sciuri, Micrococcus spp

Answer 70

Commercial Latex Agglutination Assay