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Microbiology > Bacteria and Staph > Flashcards

Bacteria and Staph Flashcards

1
Q

First to report on his observation of accurate description and drawings on bacteria and protozoa

A

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

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2
Q

First described the cell

A

Robert Hooke

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3
Q

Adopted a system of nomenclature (Taxonomy)

an organism is given two names:

Genus: first name
Species: second name

A

Carolis Linnaeus

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4
Q

Disproved the theory on spontaneous generation
Proved germ theory of disease
Worked on fermentation

A

Louis Pasteur

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5
Q

Pasteurization is heating without changing flavor of milk at

A

62-70 deg C

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6
Q

Agents commonly associated with unpasteurized milk

A

Brucella

Listeria

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7
Q

Koch postulates

M TB

Germ theory of disease

A

Robert Koch

Koch’s postulate

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8
Q

Aseptic surgery was discovered by

A

Lister

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9
Q

Phagocytosis was discovered by

A

Metchnikoff

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10
Q

Discovered penicillin by growing molds on bread

A

Alexander Fleming

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11
Q

Discovered capillaria philippinesis

A

Nelia Salazar

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12
Q

Helped discover Erythromycin

Eli Lily

1949

A

Ilosone

Abelardo Aguilar

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13
Q

An organism is gram positive bec it takes up

A

crystal violet in peptidoglycan of cell wall

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14
Q

Gram + organisims have thick

A

Peptidoglycan layer

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15
Q

Gram negative organisms have thin

and also have

A

Peptidoglycan

Teichoic acid

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16
Q

Gram + cocci
Catalase +
Clusters

If Coagulase +

A

Staphylococcus

Staph aureus

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17
Q

Gram +
Catalase -
Chains

A

Streptococcus

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18
Q

Gram +
Catalase +
Coagulase -
Novobiocin-sensitive

A

Staph epidermidis

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19
Q

Gram +
Catalase +
Coagulase -
Novobiocin-resistant

A

Staph saprophyticus

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20
Q

Differentiates strep vs staph

A

Catalase

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21
Q

Differentiates staph species

A

Coagulase

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22
Q

Differentiates between epidermidis and saprophyticus

A

Novobiocin sensitivity

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23
Q

Beta hemolytic means

A

Complete hemolysis

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24
Q

Alpha hemolysis means

A

Partial hemolysis

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25
Q

Gamma hemolysis means

A

Not hemolytic

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26
Q

Strep
Catalase -
Beta hemolytic
Bacitracin-sensitive

A

Group A

Strep pyogenes

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27
Q

Strep
Catalase -
Beta hemolytic
Bacitracin-resistant

A

Group B

Strep agalactiae

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28
Q 
Strep
Catalase -
Alpha-hemolytic
\+ Capsule
Optochin sensitive
Bile-soluble
A

Strep pneumoniae

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29
Q 
Strep
Catalase -
Alpha hemolytic
No capsule
Optochin-resistant
Bile insoluble
A

Strep viridans
Enterococci
Strep bovis

30
Q

Strep
Catalase -
Gamma hemolytic

A

Enterococcus (E fecalis)

Peptostreptococcus

31
Q

Gram +

Bacilli

A 
Listeria
Corynebacterium
Actinomyces
TB
Tetanus
Bacillus
Clostridium 
Anthrax
Nocardia
Erysipellothrix
Streptomyces
32
Q

Coagulase negative Staph

A

Staph haemolyticus
Staph lugdunensis
Staph saprophyticus
Staph epidermidis

33
Q

Gram + cocci in grape like clusters
B hemolytic yellow or golden colonies on blood agar
Catalase +
Coagulase +

A

Staph aureus

34
Q

Staph aureus on Mannitol Salt Agar

A

Salt-tolerant

35
Q

Responsible for yellow color of staph

A

Staphyloxanthin

36
Q

Superantigen-mediated cytokine storm and M protein-mediated neutrophil activation release of mediators

Respiratory failure, vascular leakage and shock

A

Toxic Shock Syndrome

37
Q

Fever, hypotension, sloughing of the filiform papillae
Strawberry tongue
Desquamating rash (palms and soles) 1-2 weeks post infection
Multi organ failure >3

Clinical diagnosis

by toxin

A

Toxic Shock Syndrome

TSST-1

38
Q

Staph aureus toxin

Causes nausea, vomiting and abdominal cramps

A

Preformed Heat-stable Enterotoxin

Source: salad made with mayonnaise (potato or tuna salad) custard, pastries

39
Q

Onset of staph food poisoning

40
Q

Staph Food poisoning

A

Gastroenteritis

Enterotoxin A-E preformed in foods (salad, mayonnaise, custards)

41
Q

Starts quickly ends quickly type of poison

A

Staph aureus food poisoning

42
Q

Toxin in scalded skin syndrome

A

Exfoliatin

43
Q

Exfoliatin cleaves this in desmosomes leading to separation of epidermis at stratum granulosum

A

Desmoglein - desmosomal cadherin 1-4

44
Q

Scalded skin syndrome is differentiated from TEN (Lyell disease) in terms of separation occuring with latter occuring at

A

Dermo-epidermal junction

45
Q

Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis is called

A

Lyell Disease

46
Q

Scalded Skin Syndrome separation occurs at

A

Stratum granulosum

47
Q

Most severe form of SSSS

A

Ritter’s disease

48
Q

Staph aureus most commonly affects

A

Skin and appendages

Impetigo, carbuncle, hidradenitis, mastitis

49
Q

Most common cause of endocarditis

Native valve tricuspid valve in IV drug users

A

Staph aureus

50
Q

Infrequent cause of CAP
Common cause of nosocomial pneumonia
Necrotizing pneumonia complicated by emphysema, abscess or pneumatocele
Most common cause of septic arthritis in prepubertal children
From hematogenous spread or local introduction at wound site

A

Staph aureus

51
Q

Sequestered focus of osteomyelitis arising in the metaphyseal area of a long bone

A

Staph aureus

52
Q

Most common cause of spinal epidural abscess and suppurative intracranial phlebitis

Meningitis (uncommon) after head trauma

Urinary tract infection, pyelonephritis

A

Staph aureus

53
Q

Major cause of osteomyelitis in sexually active

A

N gonorrhea

54
Q

Most common cause of osteomyelitis in sickle cell

A

Salmonella sp

55
Q

Major cause of osteomyelitis in drug user

A

P aeruginosa

56
Q

Methicillin sensitive SA Tx

A

Nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin

57
Q

MRSA Tx

A

Vancomycin

Contain altered PBP

58
Q

VRSA Tx

59
Q

Occur in association with FOREIGN BODIES (prosthetic valves, joints, and shunts)

Less pathogenic than S Aureus

Presence of BIOFILMS and antibiotic resistance

A

Coagulase negative Staphylococcus

60
Q

Associated with bacteremia

Specific adhesion capabilities associated with prosthetic joints

A

Coagulase negative staph

61
Q

Normal flora of skin

Most frequently involved foreign bodies

A

Staph epidermidis

62
Q

Important cause of bacteriuria, particularly SEXUALLY ACTIVE WOMEN

A

Staph saprophyticus

63
Q

Whitish, non-hemolytic, colonies on blood agar
Coagulase negative
Novobiocin sensitive

Normal skin flora
Low virulence
Autoinfection
Direct contact

A

Staph epidermidis

64
Q

Biofilms are formed by staph epidermidis due to

A

Glycocalyx that adheres well foreign bodies

65
Q

Most common cause of prosthetic valve endocarditis
Septic arthritis in prosthetic joints
Ventriculoperitoneal shunt infections

A

Staph epidermidis

66
Q

Staph epidermidis Tx

A

Removal of prosthetic device

Vancomycin

67
Q

Whitish, non-hemolytic colonies on blood agar
Coagulase-negative
Novobiocin resistant

A

Staph saprophyticus

68
Q

2nd most common cause of UTI in sexually active women
Dysuria, pyuria and bacteriuria

Tx

A

Staph saprophyticus

TMP-SMZ, quinolone

69
Q

Causes honeymoon cystitis

70
Q

Detects Protein A, clumping factor, capsular polysaccharide

+ S sapro, S sciuri, Micrococcus spp

A

Commercial Latex Agglutination Assay

Microbiology (16 decks)

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