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Microbiology > Intestinal Nematodes > Flashcards

Intestinal Nematodes Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Hookworm infection

Filariform larvae in soil penetrate SKIN of feet (ground itch)

Warm moist climates

A

Ancylostoma duodenale

Necator americanus

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2
Q

Ancylostoma
Necator

Definitive host

A

Human

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3
Q

Ancylostoma
Necator

Infective stage

A

Filariform larvae

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4
Q

Ancylostoma
Necator

Hookworm diagnostic stage

A

Eggs in feces

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5
Q

Ancylostoma
Necator

Penetrate skin of soles and feet

Blood stream -> lungs -> GI tract

can cause

A

IDA from blood loss of GIT attachment of worm

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6
Q

Ancylostoma
Necator

Tx

A

Albendazole
Mebendazole
Pyrantel pamoate

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7
Q

Food with soil containing eggs
Cosmopolitan
Well tolerated unless infection is heavy or host is undernourished

A

Ascariasis

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8
Q

Largest of intestinal nematode

Eating egg contaminated food

Larvae hatch and attach in the small instestine

Blood stream -> lungs -> alveoli -> GIT

A

Ascariasis

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9
Q

Giant worm larvae ascaris infecting the lung

Worst complication of ascaris

A

Loeffler’s pneumonia

Intestinal obstruction at ileocecal valve

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10
Q

Ascaris infective stage

A

Larva

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11
Q

Ascaris diagnostic stage

A

Fertilized egg

Unfertilized egg

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12
Q

Major damage occurs during migration of work rather than presence of the worm in the intestine

Most infection are asymptomatic
Larvae in lung can cause pneumonia
Heavy worm infestation can cause anemia and intestinal obstruction or malnutrition

A

Ascaris lumbricoides

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13
Q

Ascaris tx

A

Mebendazole
Pyrantel pamoate
Ivermectin (filariasis)

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14
Q

Human seatworm
Pinworm

Ingest eggs by autoinfection, inhalation or swallowing from beddings, carpet

Humans only host

A

Enteobius vermicularis

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15
Q

Gravid female migrates to perianal skin to deposite embryonated eggs

Cardinal manifestation: nocturnal pruritus

A

Enterobius vermicularis

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16
Q

Enterobius

Dx

A

Scotch tape/Graham Cellphone test

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17
Q

Enterobius Infective state

A

Embryonated eggs

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18
Q

Enterobius diagnostic stage

A

Eggs

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19
Q

Children younger <12 old

Most common in US

A

Enterobius vermicularis

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20
Q

Enterobius Tx

A

Mebendazole

Pyrantel pamoate

21
Q

Raw or undercooked meat, pork
Reservoir host - pigs, rats

Intestinal nematode that encyst in tissue (striated muscle)

Muscle pain
Periorbital edema
Diarrhea

A

Trichinella spiralis

22
Q

Trichinella larvae invades

A

Skeletal muscle

23
Q

Trichinella can cause

A

Heart failure

CNS

24
Q

Trichinella Diagnostic test

A

Encysted larva in muscle with poor glycogen
Muscle biopsy
Bachman intradermal test
Bentonite Flocculation test

25
Q

Trichinella spiralis Tx

A

Thiabendazole

26
Q

Whipworm
Food and water contaminated with soil
Humans only host
Tropics

A

Trichuris trichuris

27
Q

Final habitat of trichuris

A

Cecum

Ascending colon

28
Q

Abdominal pain
Bloody diarrhea
Anemia

Rectal prolapse

A

Trichuris trichuria

29
Q

Rectal prolapse
Diagnosis via DFS
Bipolar mucus plugs
Japanese lantern/football shaped appearance of ova

A

Trichuris trichuria

30
Q

Causes hypochromic anemia

A

Trichuris trichuria

31
Q

Trichuris Dx

A

Egg in feces

32
Q

Trichuris trichuria tx

A

Mebendazole

33
Q

Trichuris trichuria infective stage

A

Embryonated egg

34
Q

Trichuris trichiuria infective stage

A

Unembryonated egg

35
Q

Threadworm

Filariform larvae in soil penetrate skin
Warm climate
Autoinfection

A

Strongyloides stercoralis

36
Q

Little effect
Massive superinfection with secondary bacterial infection in immunocompromised

Cause hyperinfection and dissemination of worms

A

Stronglyoides

37
Q

Strongyloides Dx

A

Larvae in stool

Not eggs because they get laid in the intestinal wall

38
Q

Strongyloides tx

A

Thiabendazole

39
Q

Strongyloides Dx

Stool Filter paper culture method

A

Harada mori

40
Q

Endemic in Philippines (Ilocos norte)
Man only host - internal autoinfection
Ingestion of raw or undercooked infected fish (kinilaw)

A

Human intestinal capillariasis

Capillaria philippinensis

41
Q

Capillariasis is associated with

A

Protein losing enteropathy
Cardiomyopathy
Severe emaciation
Cachexia

42
Q

Ingestion through contaminated fish
Abdominal pain
Diarrhea
Borborygmus

A

Capillaria philippinensis

43
Q

Capillaria egg on microscopy

A

Peanut shell appearance

44
Q

Capillaria tx

A

Mebendazole

Albendazole

45
Q

Capillaria infective stage

A

Larvae

46
Q

Capilaria diagnostic stage

A

Unembryonated egg

47
Q

Capillaria is associated with

A

Migratory birds

Herons

48
Q

Causes intestinal malabsorption
Chronic diarrhea
Borborygmus

Up to 2L of stool/day -> emaciation and cachexia

HF, hypokalemia, cerebral edema

A

Capillaria philippinensis

49
Q

Fever
Vomiting
Periorbital edema

Ingestion of infected pork meat

Myalgia - cyst develop into larvae, enter blood stream and form cyst in striated muscle

A

Trichinella spiralis

Microbiology (16 decks)

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