Tissue Nematodes Filaria

Question 1

Convoluted filaria producing Black River Blindness (2nd most common cause of blindness after chlamydia trachomatis)

Hyper and hypopigmented spots with dermatitis

Humans only definitive host

No animal reservoir

Endemic in rivers of tropical Africa and Central America

Answer 1

Onchocerca volvulus

Question 2

Onchocerca infective stage

Answer 2

Larvae

Question 3

Onchocerca intermediate host

Answer 3

Blackfly

Question 4

Onchocerca diagnostic stage

Eosinophilia

Answer 4

Microfilariae skin biopsy

Found in skin, lymphatics

Question 5

Microfilariae in eye cause blindness

Inflammatory nodules in skin

Answer 5

Onchocerca volvulus

Question 6

Onchocerca tx microfilariae

Answer 6

Ivermectin

Question 7

Onchocerca for eye infection

Answer 7

Suramin

Question 8

Sclerosing keratitis

Leopard skin

Answer 8

Onchocerca volvulus

Question 9

Firm, movable, non-tender onchocercal nodule

Answer 9

Onchocerca volvulus

Question 10

Skin reaction that occurs in humans when microfilariae of Onchocerca volvulus in cutaneous site are killed by administration of diethylcarbamazine

Answer 10

Mazzoti reaction

Question 11

Filariasis
Pointed tail free of nuclei

Human infected when female mosquito
Anopheles and culex deposi larvae on skin and infect lymphatics

Causes elephantiasis

Answer 11

Wuchereria bancrofti

Question 12

Adult worms cause inflammation that blocks lymphatic vessels -> edema -> elephantiasis

Lymphadenopathy
Cough from microfilariae in lungs

Eosinophilia

Answer 12

Wuchereria

Question 13

Wuchereria Dx

Answer 13

Thick blood smear (taken at night)

Demonstrate microfilariae

Question 14

Wuchereria tx

Answer 14

Diethylcarbamazine

Question 15

Filariasis bancrofti
Female anopheles, culex
Humans only definitive host
Microfilariae
Blocks lymphatic vessels (elephantiasis)

Tail free of nuclei

Answer 15

Wuchereria bancrofti

Question 16

Malayan lymphatic filariasis

Mosquito vector: Anopheles, Aedes, Culex

More seen in children

More rapid course
Elephantiasis - below knee

Answer 16

Brugia malayi

Question 17

Brugia Dx

Answer 17

Thick and thin smear at midnight

Question 18

Brugia Tx

Answer 18

Diethylcarbamazine

Question 19

Serpent or dragon worm
Copepods containing infective larvae

By ingestion of contaminated water

Migrate to skin produce painful ulcer

Causes peripheral eosinophilia

Answer 19

Dracunculus medinensis

Question 20

Dracunculus infective

Answer 20

Larvae

Question 21

Dracunculus Diagnostic stage

Answer 21

Skin inflammation and ulceration by adult worms

Extraction

Question 22

Dracunculus tx

Answer 22

Niridazole

Extraction of worm from skin ulcer

Question 23

Guinea worm disease

Answer 23

Dracunculus

Question 24

Eye worm
Calabar swelling (local subcutaneous swelling, transient angioedema)

Humans only definitive host

No animal reservoir

Answer 24

Loa loa

Question 25

Loa loa vector

Answer 25

Deer fly Chrysops fly Tabanid fly

Question 26

Pointed tail containing nuclei Human infected by bite of deer fly or mango fly Worm crawling out of conjunctiva African eye worm

Answer 26

Loa loa

Question 27

Swelling around the eyes from Loa loa infection

Answer 27

Callabar swelling

Question 28

Loa loa diagnostic Eosinophilia

Answer 28

demonsration of Microfilariae in blood smear

Question 29

Loa loa infective stage

Answer 29

Larvae

Question 30

Hypersensitivity causes swelling in skin Adult worm seen across conjunctiva - granulomata Painless edema of eyelids with proptosis

Answer 30

Loa loa

Question 31

Loa loa tx

Answer 31

DEC

Question 32

Both cause cutaneous filariform larva migrans Creeping reaction Extremely pruritic

Answer 32

Necator americanus Tx: Thiabendazole

Question 33

Visceral or ocular larva migrans Ingestion of eggs in food or water contaminated with dog feces Dogs definitive host

Answer 33

Toxocara canis

Question 34

Viscera larva migrans Parasitic larvae never mature out of larval stage continue to circulate around the body If it gets to the eye, ocular larva migrans leading to blindness

Answer 34

Toxocara canis

Question 35

Granulomas form around dead larvae Retinal granulomas cause blindness Dx: larvae in tissue, serologic tests Eosinophilia

Answer 35

Toxocara canis

Question 36

Toxocara canis Tx

Answer 36

Mebendazole | Albendazole

Question 37

Cutaneous larva migrans

Answer 37

Ancylostoma brasiliense

Question 38

Ancylostoma brasiliense tx

Answer 38

Albendazole