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Gram - Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

Greenish metallic sheen

A

E coli

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2
Q

3 antigens of E coli contributing to virulence

A

Capsular (K) Antigen
O antigen (Somatic Ag)
Flagellar (H) Antigen

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3
Q

Causes neonatal sepsis and meningitis from E coli

A

K1 capsule endotoxin

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4
Q

2nd most common cause of neonatal meningitis

A

E coli

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5
Q

Causes traveller’s diarrhea

A

E Coli TEC

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6
Q 
Associated with HUS
Undercooked beef (hamburger)
A

EHEC O157 H7

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7
Q

Traveller’s diarrhea is also known as

A

Montezuma’s revenge

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8
Q

Microangiopathic anemia/hemolytic anemia
Thrombocytopenia
Renal failure

A

HUS

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9
Q

Toxin causing HUS

A

Verotoxin (Shiga-like)

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10
Q

Outbreak in Germany associated with HUS

Contaminated food

A

Spinach

EHEC 0104:H2

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11
Q

E coli strains associated with outbreaks of diarrheal illness in hospital nurseries

A

Enteropathogenic (EPEC) E Coli

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12
Q

UTI

Honeymoon cystitis

A

E Coli

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13
Q

Bacteriologic index of water uses

A

E Coli

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14
Q

For drinking water, E coli must be

A

< 1 CFU

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15
Q

Gram - bacilli
Most common cause on anaerobic infections in the GI tract

Predominant flora of the intestine
Infection in adjacent organ
Abscess formation

A

Bacteroides fragilis

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16
Q

Bacteroides fragilis Dx

A

Non hemolytic

BBE + (bacteroides bile escalin agar)

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17
Q

Bacteroides fragilis is resistant to 3 potency disks

A

Kanamycin
Vancomycin
Colistin

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18
Q

Most commonly isolated members of B fragilis

A

B fragilis
B ovatus
B distasonis
B vulgatus

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19
Q

Most distinguishing pathogenic feature of B fragilis is the ability to cause

A

abscess formation

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20
Q

Gram - bacilli
Raw eggs
Polluted water

A

Salmonella typhi

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21
Q

Reservoir of S typhi

A

Gallbladder

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22
Q

Salmonella typhi dx

A 
Typhidot
Widal test (agglutination test) not reliable
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23
Q

Most common manifestation of Typhoid fever

A

Fever >75%

Abdominal pain 30-40%

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24
Q

Typhoid PE

A

Rose spots or rash 30%
Hepatosplenomegaly
Epistaxis
Relative bradycardia

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25
Ileitis Hepatosplenomegally Fever Dysentery
Tyhpoid fever
26
``` Lymphoid tissue hyperplasia Necrosis of Peyer’s patches Hepatitis Focal necrosis of liver Inflammation of GB, periosteum, lungs and other organs ```
Salmonella typhi
27
Hyperplasia of Peyer’s Patches
Typhoid ileitis
28
Fever + history of recent travel to developing country
S typhi
29
S typhi definitive diagnosis
Isolation of s typhi
30
Typhoid fever 1st week
Blood
31
Typhoid fever 2nd week
Urine
32
Typhoid fever 3rd week
Stool
33
Highest sensitivity of specimen for isolating S typhi
Bone marrow
34
S typhi empirical treatment
Ceftriaxone | Azithromycin
35
Fully susceptible Typhoid Tx
Ciprofloxacin | Azithromycin
36
Multidrug resistant Typhoid
Ceftriaxone | Azithromycin
37
Typhoid fever drug of choice
Ceftriaxone
38
Non-typhoidal salmonella infection Tx Preemptive Tx Severe gastroenteritis Tx Not salmonella typhi
Ciprofloxacin
39
Typhoid meningitis Tx Endocarditis or Arteritis Bacteremia Other localized infection
Ceftriaxone Meningitic dose 2g IV q12
40
Patient with acute bloody diarrhea and fever Endotoxin-mediated Invades M cells - produces shallow ulcers
Shigella
41
Shigella toxin
Shiga toxin by S dysenteriae Type I neurotoxic, cytotoxic, enterotoxic, anti human ribosome (60s)
42
M cells are found in
MALT
43
Transmission: Finger, food, feces, flies Ssx: tenesmus, watery then bloody diarrhea + anti-O antibody agglutination test
Shigella dysenteraie | Shigella sonei
44
Shigella causes
Bacillary dysentery | Shigellosis (Shigella sonei)
45
S dysenteriae causes most severe form of bacillary dysentery
S dysenteriae Type A
46
Most common cause of epidemic dysenteriae
S dystenteriae Type A
47
Shigellosis Tx
Ciprofloxacin (first line) Pivmecillinam (second line) Ceftriaxone Azithromycin
48
Ciprofloxacin SE in children
Tendon rupture Cartilage damage Early closure of epiphyseal plates
49
Gram - curved bacilli Oxidase + Single polar flagella Grow well in alkali pH up to 9
Vibrio
50
Vibrio culture medium
Thiosulfate citrate bile salt sucrose agar (TCBS)
51
Toxin of Vibrio
Choleragen
52
V cholera serotype associated with epidemics
O-1 eltor
53
Cholera subunits
A - activates adenylate cyclase | B - binding
54
Rice water stool | Pea soup stool
Vibrio cholerae
55
Thirst | <5% loss of total body weight
None or mild dehydration
56
``` Unconsciousness Lethargy Floppiness Weak or absent pulse Inability to think ```
Severe dehydration
57
ORS component
``` Glucose 75 Na 75 K 20 Cl 65 Citrate 10 ``` Total osmolarity: 245
58
Home made ORS alternative
1/2 tsp salt 6 tsp table sugar 1 L drinking water
59
Most common cause of death in Shigella
Hypovolemic shock
60
V cholerae drug of choice
Tetracycline Longest half life: Doxycycline
61
Associated with GE and seafood ingestion Self limiting watery diarrhea
V parahemolyticus
62
V parahemolyticus toxin
Hemolysin
63
``` Vibrio Cellulitis Gastroenteritis Septicemia with liver disease Associated with shellfish ``` Flesh eating bacteria
Vibrio vulnificus
64
Cholera Tx
Fluid replacement
65
2 antibiotics used to shorten disease and reduce carriage state in cholera
Doxycycline | Ciprofloxacin
66
Selective medium for isolation of vibrio cholerae
TCBS
67
Minimum inoculin for Vibrio cholera
10^7

Microbiology (16 decks)

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