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Microbiology > Gram - Bacteria > Flashcards

Gram - Bacteria Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Greenish metallic sheen

A

E coli

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2
Q

3 antigens of E coli contributing to virulence

A

Capsular (K) Antigen
O antigen (Somatic Ag)
Flagellar (H) Antigen

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3
Q

Causes neonatal sepsis and meningitis from E coli

A

K1 capsule endotoxin

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4
Q

2nd most common cause of neonatal meningitis

A

E coli

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5
Q

Causes traveller’s diarrhea

A

E Coli TEC

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6
Q 
Associated with HUS
Undercooked beef (hamburger)
A

EHEC O157 H7

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7
Q

Traveller’s diarrhea is also known as

A

Montezuma’s revenge

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8
Q

Microangiopathic anemia/hemolytic anemia
Thrombocytopenia
Renal failure

A

HUS

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9
Q

Toxin causing HUS

A

Verotoxin (Shiga-like)

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10
Q

Outbreak in Germany associated with HUS

Contaminated food

A

Spinach

EHEC 0104:H2

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11
Q

E coli strains associated with outbreaks of diarrheal illness in hospital nurseries

A

Enteropathogenic (EPEC) E Coli

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12
Q

UTI

Honeymoon cystitis

A

E Coli

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13
Q

Bacteriologic index of water uses

A

E Coli

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14
Q

For drinking water, E coli must be

A

< 1 CFU

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15
Q

Gram - bacilli
Most common cause on anaerobic infections in the GI tract

Predominant flora of the intestine
Infection in adjacent organ
Abscess formation

A

Bacteroides fragilis

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16
Q

Bacteroides fragilis Dx

A

Non hemolytic

BBE + (bacteroides bile escalin agar)

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17
Q

Bacteroides fragilis is resistant to 3 potency disks

A

Kanamycin
Vancomycin
Colistin

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18
Q

Most commonly isolated members of B fragilis

A

B fragilis
B ovatus
B distasonis
B vulgatus

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19
Q

Most distinguishing pathogenic feature of B fragilis is the ability to cause

A

abscess formation

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20
Q

Gram - bacilli
Raw eggs
Polluted water

A

Salmonella typhi

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21
Q

Reservoir of S typhi

A

Gallbladder

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22
Q

Salmonella typhi dx

A 
Typhidot
Widal test (agglutination test) not reliable
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23
Q

Most common manifestation of Typhoid fever

A

Fever >75%

Abdominal pain 30-40%

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24
Q

Typhoid PE

A

Rose spots or rash 30%
Hepatosplenomegaly
Epistaxis
Relative bradycardia

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25
Q

Ileitis
Hepatosplenomegally
Fever
Dysentery

A

Tyhpoid fever

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26
Q 
Lymphoid tissue hyperplasia
Necrosis of Peyer’s patches
Hepatitis
Focal necrosis of liver
Inflammation of GB, periosteum, lungs and other organs
A

Salmonella typhi

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27
Q

Hyperplasia of Peyer’s Patches

A

Typhoid ileitis

28
Q

Fever + history of recent travel to developing country

A

S typhi

29
Q

S typhi definitive diagnosis

A

Isolation of s typhi

30
Q

Typhoid fever 1st week

A

Blood

31
Q

Typhoid fever 2nd week

A

Urine

32
Q

Typhoid fever 3rd week

A

Stool

33
Q

Highest sensitivity of specimen for isolating S typhi

A

Bone marrow

34
Q

S typhi empirical treatment

A

Ceftriaxone

Azithromycin

35
Q

Fully susceptible Typhoid Tx

A

Ciprofloxacin

Azithromycin

36
Q

Multidrug resistant Typhoid

A

Ceftriaxone

Azithromycin

37
Q

Typhoid fever drug of choice

A

Ceftriaxone

38
Q

Non-typhoidal salmonella infection Tx
Preemptive Tx
Severe gastroenteritis Tx

Not salmonella typhi

A

Ciprofloxacin

39
Q

Typhoid meningitis Tx
Endocarditis or Arteritis
Bacteremia
Other localized infection

A

Ceftriaxone

Meningitic dose
2g IV q12

40
Q

Patient with acute bloody diarrhea and fever
Endotoxin-mediated
Invades M cells - produces shallow ulcers

A

Shigella

41
Q

Shigella toxin

A

Shiga toxin by S dysenteriae Type I neurotoxic, cytotoxic, enterotoxic, anti human ribosome (60s)

42
Q

M cells are found in

A

MALT

43
Q

Transmission: Finger, food, feces, flies

Ssx: tenesmus, watery then bloody diarrhea

+ anti-O antibody agglutination test

A

Shigella dysenteraie

Shigella sonei

44
Q

Shigella causes

A

Bacillary dysentery

Shigellosis (Shigella sonei)

45
Q

S dysenteriae causes most severe form of bacillary dysentery

A

S dysenteriae Type A

46
Q

Most common cause of epidemic dysenteriae

A

S dystenteriae Type A

47
Q

Shigellosis Tx

A

Ciprofloxacin (first line)
Pivmecillinam (second line)
Ceftriaxone
Azithromycin

48
Q

Ciprofloxacin SE in children

A

Tendon rupture
Cartilage damage
Early closure of epiphyseal plates

49
Q

Gram - curved bacilli
Oxidase +
Single polar flagella
Grow well in alkali pH up to 9

A

Vibrio

50
Q

Vibrio culture medium

A

Thiosulfate citrate bile salt sucrose agar (TCBS)

51
Q

Toxin of Vibrio

A

Choleragen

52
Q

V cholera serotype associated with epidemics

A

O-1 eltor

53
Q

Cholera subunits

A

A - activates adenylate cyclase

B - binding

54
Q

Rice water stool

Pea soup stool

A

Vibrio cholerae

55
Q

Thirst

<5% loss of total body weight

A

None or mild dehydration

56
Q 
Unconsciousness
Lethargy
Floppiness
Weak or absent pulse
Inability to think
A

Severe dehydration

57
Q

ORS component

A 
Glucose 75
Na 75
K 20
Cl 65
Citrate 10

Total osmolarity: 245

58
Q

Home made ORS alternative

A

1/2 tsp salt
6 tsp table sugar
1 L drinking water

59
Q

Most common cause of death in Shigella

A

Hypovolemic shock

60
Q

V cholerae drug of choice

A

Tetracycline

Longest half life: Doxycycline

61
Q

Associated with GE and seafood ingestion

Self limiting watery diarrhea

A

V parahemolyticus

62
Q

V parahemolyticus toxin

A

Hemolysin

63
Q 
Vibrio
Cellulitis
Gastroenteritis
Septicemia with liver disease
Associated with shellfish

Flesh eating bacteria

A

Vibrio vulnificus

64
Q

Cholera Tx

A

Fluid replacement

65
Q

2 antibiotics used to shorten disease and reduce carriage state in cholera

A

Doxycycline

Ciprofloxacin

66
Q

Selective medium for isolation of vibrio cholerae

A

TCBS

67
Q

Minimum inoculin for Vibrio cholera

A

10^7

Microbiology (16 decks)

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