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Microbiology > Gram + Bacilli > Flashcards

Gram + Bacilli Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Gram +

Spore formers

A

Bacillus

Clostridium

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2
Q

Gram + Bacilli

Non spore formers

A 
Corynebacterium
Aerobic Actinomyces
Listeria
Erysipelothrix
Lactobacillus
Kurthia
Rothia
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3
Q

Bacillus species

A

Anthracis

Cereus

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4
Q

Clostridium species

A

Botulinum
Tetani
Perfringens
Difficile

Jeikeium
Urealyticum
Amycolatum
Pseudotuberculosis
Ulcerans
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5
Q

Aerobic / Facultative anaerobic

Most are saprophytic, contaminants normal flora of GI of animals

Catalase +
Spore forming

A

Bacillus

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6
Q

All bacillus are motile and gelatinase + except

A

Bacillus anthracis

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7
Q

All bacillus are lecithinase + except

A

B subtilis

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8
Q

Aerobic,Gram + bacilli

Box-car shaped

Non-motile

Spore forming

Medusa head morphology

A

Bacillus anthracis

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9
Q

Dry ground glass surface and irregular edges with infected animals or inhalation of spores from animal hair and wool

A

Bacillus anthracis

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10
Q

Wool sorter’s disease

A

Bacillus anthracis

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11
Q

Produces acid from glucose, sucrose, maltose

Fails to produce acid from xylose, mannitol, lactose or salicin

Most strains are + for lecithinase

Starch hydrolysis +

A

Bacillis anthracis

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12
Q

Virulent enzyme of bacillus anthracis

Phospholipase that acts upon lecithin

A

Lecithinase

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13
Q

Tests lecithinase specific for Anthrax

A

Nagler’s reaction

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14
Q

Can survive in harsh environment

Biohazard safety level 3

A

Bacillus anthracis

TB

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15
Q

Facilitates transport of

edema factor
lethal factor

by Bacillus anthracis

A 
Anthrax capsule exotoxin
Protective Antigen (PA)
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16
Q

Anthrax capsular virulence factors

A

Protective antigen
Edema factor
Lethal factor

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17
Q

Bacillus anthracis capsule

Resists phagocystosis

A

Glutamic acid

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18
Q

Glutamic acid capsule of anthrax is

A

Poly-D glutamic Acid

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19
Q

Transmission of anthrax

Most frequent infected animals:

A

Inhalation
Ingestion
Direct contact

Sheep, cattle
Horse goat

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20
Q

Discovered anthrax

A

Robert koch

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21
Q

Bacillus anthracis Inhibits phagocytosis because of

A

Glutamyl polypeptide capsule

Poly-D-glutamate

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22
Q

Calmodulin dependent adenylate cyclase factor by Bacillus anthracis

A

Edema factor

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23
Q

Inhibits a signal transduction in cell division of by Bacillus anthracis

A

Lethal factor

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24
Q

Mediates entry of Edema Factor and Lethal Factor into cell

of Bacillus anthracis

A

Protective Antigen

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25
Q

Edema factor + Protective Antigen

of Bacillus anthracis

A

Edema toxin

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26
Q

Lethal factor + Protective antigen

of Bacillus anthracis

A

Lethal toxin

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27
Q 
Bamboo rods
Locks of matted hair: Medusa head colonies
Lecithinase +
Gelatin liquefaction: inverted pine tree
String of pearl test
Red Line Alert Test (immunoassay)
A

Bacillus anthracis

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28
Q

Most common form of anthrax

A

Cutaneous

Inhalation (Woolsorter’s disease)
Intestinal

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29
Q

Direct epidermal contact with spores

Small, red macular lesion that progresses to a vesicle and finally to necrosis is called

Black eschar

20% mortality rate

A

Cutaneous anthrax

Malignant pustule

30
Q

Bacillus anthracis Tx

A

Ciprofloxacin
Doxycycline

Pen G
Erythromycin
Vaccine

31
Q

Wool sorters disease

Incubation

A

1-7 days

32
Q

Pulmonary woolsorter’s disease Stages

A

Initial phase - nonspecific (mild fever, malaise)

Second phase - mediastinal hemorrhagic lymphadenitis; shock; severe respiratory distress

Third phase - mortality

33
Q

Intestinal anthrax symptoms

A 
Nausea
Loss of apetite
Vomiting often with blood noted
Fever
Diarrhea
34
Q

Non-motile
Boxcar-like
Only bacterium with poly-D-glutamate capsule
Toxin germinates in lungs, intestines, skin (pXO1, pXO2)

Most common route: cutaneous; malignant pustule

GI: necrotic hemorrhage, most deadly form

DOC: ciprofloxacin; doxycycline

A

Bacillus anthracis

35
Q

Gene carrying plasmids of bacillus anthracis

A

pXO1

pXO2

36
Q

Anthrax vaccine

A

Biothrax

37
Q

Conditions that can present with pulmonary hemorrhage

A

Congenital syphilis
Leptospirosis
Pulmonary anthrax

38
Q

Motile
Hemolysis: wide zone beta hemolysis
Produces acid from glucose, maltose and salicin
Fails to produce acid from xylose, mannitol or lactose
Lecithinase +

A

Bacillus cereus

39
Q

Aerobic, Gram +, spore forming
Motile
Non-encapsulated

Spores on grains such as rice survive steaming and rapid frying
Chinese fried rice disease

Spores germinate when rice is kept warm for many hours (reheated fried rice)

A

Bacillus cereus

40
Q

Spectrum of disease

Bacillus cereus

A

Emetic form
Diarrheal form
Ophthalmitis

41
Q

Infected contact lenses

A

Acanthamoeba

42
Q

Two types of Bacillus cereus toxin

A

Emetic - heat labile; like E coli; reheated fried rice

Diarrheal toxin - heat stable; Staph aureus; meat dishes and sauces

43
Q

Bacillus Tx

A

Supportive

44
Q

Laboratory contaminant
Recognition of contaminant of plated media
Large flat dull with ground glass
Beta hemolytic

A

Bacillus subdilis

45
Q

Bacillis cereus cultivation culture media

A

Mannitol yolk-polymyxin B agar (MYPA)
Bicarbonate agar
Blood agar

46
Q

Diphteroids
Slightly curved, Gram + rods
non parallel sides and sometimes wider ends “clubbed” appearance

Catalase +

> 46 species most are rarely pathogenic

Diptheriae
Ulcerans
Pseudotuberculosis

A

Corynebacterium

47
Q

Weakly acid-fast
Club-shaped
Pleomorphic bacilli

Chinese characters: V and L forms

Babes-Ernst granules using methylene blue

A

C diptheriae

48
Q

Babes-Ernst granules are also called

A

Volutin granules

Metachromatic

49
Q

Toxigenic strains cause diptheria

Catalase +
Potassium tellurite
Loeffler’s medium -Babes Ernst granules

Pharyngeal pseudomembrane serve as base for dreaded complication to heart and nervous system

A

Corynebacterium diptheriae

50
Q

Complications of diptheriae

A

Myocarditis

CNS

51
Q

Diptheria toxin

A

A subunit

B subunit

52
Q

C diptheria Tx

A

Erythromycin

Penicillin

53
Q

Stains for corynebacterium diptheria

A

Albert’s
Neisser’s
Ponder’s stain
Loeffler’s alkaline methylene blue

54
Q

C diptheria presentation:

A

Cutaneous - necrotic skin lesion

Respiratory - pseudomembrane formation; bull neck appearance

55
Q

C diptheria
Enzymatically active site (ADP ribosylation)

Inhibits protein synthesis by adding ADP-ribose to Elongation factor 2

Local cell necrosis and subsequent inflammation

A

Fragment / Subunit A

Exotoxin (Gram +)
Encoded by B prophage

56
Q

C diptheria
Receptor binding site

Inhibits protein synthesis by adding ADP-ribose to Elongation factor 2

Local cell necrosis and subsequent inflammation

A

Fragment/Subunit B

Exotoxin (encoded by B prophage)

57
Q

Also Inhibits protein synthesis by adding ADP-ribose to Elongation factor 2

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

58
Q

C diptheria exoxtoxin inhibits protein synthesis by adding ADP ribosylation to

A

Elongation factor 2

59
Q

Destroys host cells by initiating protein synthesis, pseudomembrane

Narrow zone of beta hemolysis

4 biotypes
Gravis (most severe)
Intermedius
Belfanti 
Mitis
A

C diptheria

60
Q

Media used to enhance morphologic appearance of C diptheriae

A

Pai’s coagulated egg agar

Loeffler’s serum slant

61
Q

Black with dark brown halo - Tinsdale agar
Urease -
Catalase +
Non motile, glucose and maltose fermenter

Nitrate reduction +

A

Corynebacterium diptheriae

62
Q

Preferred culture medium for C diptheria

A

Cystine tellurite Agar
Tinsdale medium

Collistin-Nalidixic Acid CNA Agar (if former two not available)

63
Q

Immuno diffusion technique

In vitro virulence test performed upon C diptheria

Used to test toxigenicity

A

Elek Test

Immunodiffusion technique

64
Q

Intracutaneous skin test that determines susceptibility of C diptheria

A

Schick test

65
Q

Most appropriate specimen of C diptheriae

A

Pseudomembrane Gray-Whitish membrane

66
Q 
Sore throat
Pseudomembrane
Bullneck
Myocarditis
Recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis
Muscle paralysis
A

C diptheria

67
Q 
ADP Ribosylation
Beta-prophage
Corynebacterium
Diptheria
Elongation factor
Gram
A

C diptheria

68
Q

C diptheria Tx

A

Penicillin IM
Erythromycin
Antitoxin

69
Q

For 2,4 and 6 months
15-18 months
4-6 years

A

DTap

70
Q

11-12 years

for teens

A

Tdap

71
Q

Every 10 years

for adults

A

Td

Tdap

Microbiology (16 decks)

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